Dialogue 3. Ruth: What are those workmen doing on the roof of the house across the street?

Dialogue 2

Dialogue 1

Ruth: What are those workmen doing on the roof of the house across the street?

Janet: I talked to one of them when they arrived this morning. They’re fitting a solar panel.

Ruth: What’s it for?

Janet: It’s for heating water using just the heat of the sun.

Ruth: Can you really get enough heat from the panel to do that?

Janet: Well, it depends on the weather of course, but he told me that it can provide from 30 to 70 % of an ordinary home’s needs for hot water per year.

Ben: Twenty years ago, a young astronomer named Robert Jedicke had a job working at a telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona. Six nights a week he sat at the telescope and watched the night sky went by.

Robert: As I'm watching the sky go by, I often see these little trails.

Polly: These little trails are usually made by objects traveling fairly close to the Earth. Every once in a while, one of them looked like it was actually orbiting the Earth. So Robert reported to the center that he had kept tabs of small planets and asteroids.

Ben: And they'd always told him he was seeing some space junk from an orbiting satellite.

Robert: And what would they say if it had been a natural object in orbit around the Earth? But they say, there are no natural objects in orbit around the Earth.

Polly: Now, he's an astronomer at the University of Hawaii, and with colleagues in Finland and France, he decided to look for a better answer. Astronomers know that asteroids are passing by the Earth all the time. Mostly they go whizzing by, not even slowing down to wave.

Robert: And so these objects, when they go by the Earth, come by very slowly, kind of like when you're jogging on a circular track and a slightly faster runner passes you.

Robert Siegel: Hi! And I'm Robert Siegel. Cats come with a variety of distinctive coat patterns. Some have stripes, some blotches and some come in solid colors. Well, now scientists have figured out that some of the genetic pathways that explain how that happens.

Polly: Scientists have identified 37 different species of cats living on Earth today. And a few years ago, they worked out the genetics of where those cats all had come from.

Stephen: The modern cats descended from a middle size cat, weighed about 20, 30 pounds that wandered around Asia 10 million years ago.

Polly: O'Brien and some of his colleagues at the Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology in Huntsville, Alabama, decided to try to figure out which genes are involved in making these color patterns.

Stephen: Often when you're asked to justify it in terms of some medical benefit or something like that, it's a very torturous exercise.

Polly: Different skin colors, different hair colors. And Stephen says the way genes related to coloration have evolved suggest they may be important for something more fundamental than outward appearance.

Exercise 10. Make up your own dialogues with the following proverbs and expressions.

· Knowledge is power

· Live and learn

· energy problem	· to improve life
· to keep peace	· to have modern hi-tech equipment
· have never known…	· to desire the latest iPad
· I have used…	· satellite dish
· to use wind power	· solar panel
· to be important for…	· space flights

UNIT 15

THE FLAG OF GREAT BRITAIN

Proverbs and saying

Depending on the wind and the flag winds	В зависимости от ветра и флаг вьется
If there is a flag, then would be a travel	Будет флаг, будет и путешествие
Flag misses wind	Флаг тоскует без ветра
We are proud of the Union Jack - the symbol of the United Kingdom. «The Times»	Мы гордимся объединенным флагом - символом Великобритании. Газета «Таймс»

TEXT

THE FLAG OF GREAT BRITAIN [14]

The flag of Great Britain is one of the national symbols of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Every person from any country in the world recognizes this flag but not everyone knows the history of the flag of Great Britain as well as its appearance. The flag of Great Britain has a huge historical significance and symbolizes the union of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack is a combination of the emblems of the three countries, managed by the same monarch. These emblems are three saint patrons’ crosses:

St. George’s Cross, the flag of England,

St. Andrew’s Cross, the flag of Scotland,

St. Patrick’s Cross, the flag of Ireland.

The flag of the United Kingdom is often referred to as the British flag. The flag consists of red and white stripes vertically, horizontally and diagonally with a blue background. The white on the flag is symbolic of peace or harmony, the color red stands for bravery and strength, and the color blue is symbolic of truth, loyalty, and justice. The flag is known as the Union Flag because it symbolizes the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom.

When Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, England and Scotland existed as independent nations. Because Queen Elizabeth did not have any children, she designated that her cousin King James VI of Scotland be the heir to the throne after she died. Because of this, King James VI of Scotland became the ruler of both nations simultaneously. In England, he was referred to as James I.

When King James of Scotland became king of England in 1603, both countries retained their own flags. Even today, the St. George's Cross and St. Andrew's Cross remain the flags of England and Scotland respectively. At the time, England's flag consisted of a red cross on a white background, which is known as St. George's cross. The Scottish flag consisted of a diagonal white cross with a blue background. King James superimposed the English red cross on top of the Scottish flag, and added a white border to create what became known as the Union Flag.

In 1606 King James considered it necessary to have a flag reflecting the new union of Scotland and England and ordered the Union Flag, more commonly known as the Union Jack, be flown on British ships, combining the English Cross of St. George with the Scottish Cross of St. Andrew. It should be known the Union Jack doesn’t mean anybody’s name. A jack is a maritime flag. A maritime flag is a flag designated for using on ships, boats and other watercraft.

What was meant to be a symbol of unity actually became a symbol of international controversy. The English resented the fact that the white background of their cross had disappeared and that the new flag had the blue Scottish background. On the other hand the Scottish resented the fact that the English red cross was superimposed on the Scottish white cross! The old adage says you cannot please everyone but this first version of the Union Flag seemed to please no-one!

In 1801 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed and the St. Patrick’s Cross, the flag of Ireland was added to the national flag. No more since that time the flag has been changed.

The name "Union Jack" became official when it was approved in Parliament in 1908. It was stated that "the Union Jack should be regarded as the National flag".

The Union Flag was established as a maritime flag and it remains a royal flag, not officially a national flag. In 1915, King George V gave permission for British citizens to use the flag on land.

It turns out that the flag of the United Kingdom doesn’t have only Welsh symbol. Therefore regular calls to place the red dragon on the flag are being heard. The red dragon is the national symbol of Wales. The Welsh want to avoid “discrimination” having the symbol of their country on the Union Flag.

The Union Flag is probably one of the best known flags, partially due to its unusual design, but more importantly because of the importance of the British Empire in World history.

It is interesting to know if the Queen is in her official residence – Buckingham Palace – the flag on the top of the Palace will be the Royal Standard. The Union Jack is flown when the Queen is away from home.

active vocabulary

appearance	внешний вид
significance	значение
saint patrons	святые покровители
to be referred to	быть провозглашенным
stripes	полосы
background	задний план, фон
peace	мир
harmony	гармония
bravery	храбрость
strength	прочность
truth	истина (правда)
loyalty	верность
justice	справедливость
the Union Flag	Объединенный флаг
to designate	обозначать
to be the heir	быть наследником
the ruler of both nations simultaneously	правитель обеих стран одновременно
to retain	сохранять
to superimpose	накладывать, наслаивать
a jack	носовой флаг, гюйс корабля
maritime flag	морской флаг
international controversy	международный спор
to resent	возмущаться, негодовать
the old adage	старое изречение, пословица
to reign	царствовать, править
to establish	устанавливать, учреждать
permission	разрешение
partial due to	частично, благодаря чему-то
the Royal Standard the Union Jack	Королевский Штандарт Юнион Джек, флаг Великобритании

Answer the questions.

1. How many colours does the flag have?

2. What do these colours symbolize?

3. How is the flag called?

4. What is the symbol of Wales?

5. Who was James VI?

6. Why did James I become the King of England?

7. Who created the Union Flag?

8. What does a jack mean?

9. Who are the three saint patrons of the United Kingdom?

10. What happened in 1915?

Exercise 1. Choose the necessary words from the box and put them in the sentences below:

to avoid, the old adage, blue back ground, resented the fact, known, white stripes, considered, administrative union, St. Patrick’s, three crosses, England.  

1. The flag consists of red and … vertically, horizontally, and diagonally with a ….

2. The Wales want… discrimination having their symbol on the Union Flag.

3. The Union Flag is made up of….

4. In 1606 King James … it necessary to have a flag reflecting the new union of Scotland and England.

5. The Union Flag is one of the best … flags.

6. St. George Cross is the symbol of….

7. The flag is known as the Union Flag because it symbolizes the … of the countries of the United Kingdom.

8. …says you cannot please everyone but this first version of the Union Flag seemed to please no-one.

9. In.1801 the … was added to the national flag.

10. The Scottish … that the English red cross was superimposed on the Scottish white cross.

Exercise 2. Are the following sentences true or false? Give your arguments.

1. The British flag consists of red and white stripes vertically, horizontally and diagonally.

2. The white colour on the flag is the symbol of truth, loyalty, and justice.

3. The Union Flag is comprised of three crosses.

4. The symbol unity became the symbol of international controversy.

5. The Union Flag was established as a maritime flag.

6. There is the symbol of Wales on the Union flag.

7. St. Patrick’s Cross is the symbol of Ireland.

8. St. Andrew’s Cross is the symbol of England.

9. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the “Union Jack” is a combination of the emblems of the two countries.

10. The name "Union Jack" became official when it was approved in Parliament in 1908.

Exercise 3. Give the English equivalents for:

· правление королевы Анны	· административное объединение
· быть наследником престола	· необычный дизайн
· флаг соединенного королевства	· символ правды
· широко используется	· независимые государства
· быть правителем Шотландии	· британские суда
· символ единства	· первая версия флага
· символ противоборства	· Святые покровители
· красный крест Святого Георга - покровителя Англии	· белый диагональный крест - крест Святого Андрея, покровителя Шотландии

Exercise 4. Match the words:

1. крест	a. blue background
2. синий фон	b. permission
3. справедливость	c. reign
4. наследник	d. justice
5. правитель	e. superimpose
6. храбрость	f. cross
7. разрешение	g. ruler
8. необходимость	h. heir
9. наслаивать	i. bravery
10. царствование	j. necessary

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences from Russian into English

1. Флаг Соединенного королевства часто называют британским флагом.

2. Флаг известен как союзный флаг, потому что он символизирует административное объединение стран Соединенного Королевства.

3. С 1603 года Англия и Шотландия существовали как независимые государства.

4. У королевы Елизаветы не было детей, поэтому наследником престола стал Джеймс VI.

5. Великобритания была образована в 1707 году и объединила Англию, Шотландию и Уэльс.

6. В 1801 году Ирландия была присоединена к Соединенному Королевству, добавив Крест Святого Патрика к уже существовавшему флагу.

7. Флаг Союза один из самых известных флагов из-за своего необычного дизайна.

8. Флаг Союза был создан королем Джеймсом в 1606 году.

9. То, что должно было стать символом объединения, стало символом спора.

10. Флаг Союза был создан в качестве морского флага и официально являлся национальным флагом.

11. В 1915 году король Георг V разрешил использовать флаг на земле.

12. Когда Королевы нет в резиденции, то над резиденцией развевается Объединенный Флаг.

13. Крест Святого Патрика, покровителя Ирландии, был добавлен в 1801 и с тех пор флаг Великобритании больше не менялся.

Exercise 6. Use these expressions for making the dialogues with your partner.

· назначать наследника	· морской флаг
· быть провозглашенным	· Королевский Штандарт
· отражать объединение	· избегать дискриминации
· являться королевским, но не официальным флагом государства	· становится правителем
· сложная история флага
· международный спор

Exercise 7. Discuss the following problems in the group.

1. The National flag is not the symbol of unity but the symbol of international controversity.

2. Welsh red dragon isn’t reflected on the National Flag. Why?

Exercise 8. Speak on the topic “The Flag of Great Britain”.

Exercise 9. Learn the following words and word combinations and use them in your dialogues.

to astonish amazing collection something special an expart No wonder! without doubt to be not an easy thing to be uncertain to be mind to be unbelievable I’m not sure of it it sounds encouraging to be responsible for the British Commonwealth of Nations to be grateful to put the main goal to be right behind somebody to be similar starting resemblance I can’t say for sure… Not quite so. I can say with certainty I’m lack of confidence in myself safely say lack of knowledge confidence to attract a tournament a trinket Are you kidding?

удивлять, изумлять удивительная коллекция нечто особенное экспат, работающий заграницей Не удивительно! несомненно непростая вещь быть неуверенным по моему мнению быть невероятным Я не уверен в этом это звучит одобряюще отвечать за что-либо Британское Содружество Наций быть благодарным поставить главную цель поддерживать кого-либо быть подобным потрясающее сходство Я не могу сказать наверняка… Совсем не так. Я могу сказать определенно Мне не хватает уверенности точно сказать недостаток знаний уверенность привлекать турнир брелок Шутишь?

Exercise 10. Read, translate and dramatize these dialogues.

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