Judicial Branch of Power

Text 3 A

The judicial system is established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law.

The judicial power is exercised by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings.

Justice in the Russian Federation is administered by courts alone.

The judicial system is divided into three branches.

There are courts of general jurisdiction (including military courts), which are subordinated to the Supreme Court; the arbitration court system, which is under the Supreme Arbitration Court; and the Constitutional Court which ensures that the laws and other normative acts passed or being considered are constitutional.

In all courts cases are tried in public. The participants in the trial (the prosecutor, the lawyers, the plaintiff, the judge, the defendant, and the witnesses) speak in the open court. The accused is guaranteed the right to defend.

In cases fixed by the federal law justice is administered by a court of jury. All are equal before the law and before the courts.

Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over 25 years of age with a higher education in law. Judges are independent and submit only to the Constitution and the federal law. Judges are irremovable and possess immunity.

The Prosecutor’s office is the state body that exercises the supervisory power to ensure the strict observance of law by all institutions, officials and citizens of the state.

Ex. I. Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. What is the judicial system established by?

2. How is the judicial power exercised in Russian Federation?

3. How is the justice administered in the Russian Federation?

4. What are the three branches of the Russian judicial system?

5. Who participates in the trial?

6. In what cases is the justice administered by a court of jury?

7. Who may become a judge?

8. What is the function of the Prosecutor’s office?

Ex. II. Read the text and decide if the following statements are True, False or No information.

1. The judicial system is established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law.

2. The judicial power is exercised by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings.

3. Justice in the Russian Federation is administered by the President of the Russian Federation.

4.. Civil and criminal cases are tried in courts of primary jurisdiction, courts of appeals, and higher courts.

5. In all courts cases are tried in public.

6. Nobody is equal before the law and before the courts.

7. Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over 21 years of age with a higher education in law.

8. Judges are independent and submit only to the Constitution and the federal law.

9. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 became the main legal basis for the introduction of the judicial reform.

10. Judges do not possess immunity.

11. The Supreme Court tries the most important criminal and civil

cases and hears appeals against the judgements and sentences of

other courts.

12.The Prosecutor’s office is the state body that exercises the

supervisory power to ensure the strict observance of law by all

institutions, officials and citizens of the state.

Ex.III. Find English equivalents in the text.

1. Судебная власть осуществляется посредством конституционного, гражданского, административного и уголовного судопроизводства.

2. Судебная система Российской Федерации устанавливается Конституцией Российской Федерации и федеральным конституционным законом.

3. Правосудие в Российской Федерации осуществляется только судом.

4. Судебная система России делится на три ветви: суды общей юрисдикции, которые подчиняются Верховному суду; арбитражная система судов, которая подчиняется Высшему Арбитражному суду и Конституционный суд.

5. Участниками судебного разбирательства являются прокурор, адвокаты, истец, судья, ответчик и свидетели.

6. В случаях, предусмотренных федеральным законом, судопроизводство осуществляется с участием присяжных заседателей.

7. Судьями могут быть граждане Российской Федерации, достигшие 25 лет, имеющие высшее юридическое образование.

8. Судьи независимы и подчиняются только Конституции Российской Федерации и федеральному закону.

9. Судьи несменяемы и неприкосновенны.

10. Прокуратура – орган государственной власти, осуществляющий надзор за строгим соблюдением закона всеми организациями, должностными лицами и гражданами

государства.

Ex. IV. Match the English words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.

1. observance of law	1.обвиняемый
2. to exercise the supervisory power	2. истец
3. jury	3.ответчик
4. an accused	4. отправлять правосудие
5. a witness	5. должностное лицо
6. a defendant	6. соблюдение закона
7. a judge	7. присяжные
8. a plaintiff	8. свидетель
9. to administer justice	9. общая юрисдикция
10. a prosecutor	10. осуществлять надзор
11. general jurisdiction	11. прокуратура
12. the judicial power	12. участники судебного разбирательства
13. to try a case	13. прокурор
14. the participants of the trial	14. рассматривать судебное дело
15. to submit to the Constitution	15. гражданское и уголовное судопроизводство
16. to be equal before the law	16. гарантировать строгое соблюдение закона
17. to ensure the strict observance of law	17. подчиняться конституции
18. civil and criminal proceedings	18. быть равными перед законом
19. official	19. судья
20. the Prosecutor’s office	20. судебная власть

Ex. V. Find the English equivalents for the words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.

1. судебная система

2. федеральный конституционный закон

3. гражданское, административное и уголовное судопроизводство

4. отправлять правосудие

5. суды общей юрисдикции

6. Высший Арбитражный суд

7. Конституционный суд

8. рассматривать судебное дело

9. участники судебного разбирательства

10. суд присяжных

11. орган государственной власти

12. осуществлять надзор

13. строгое соблюдение закона

Ex. VI. Complete the following sentences.

1. The judicial system is established by …

2. The judicial power is exercised …

3. Justice in the Russian Federation is administered …

4. There are courts of …

5. The participants in the trial are …

6. The accused is guaranteed …

7. In cases fixed by the federal law justice is administered …

8. Judges may be …

9. Judges are independent and submit …

10. The Prosecutor’s office is the state body that …

Ex. VII. Will you tell us about The Russian Judicial System, please?

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