E p I l e p s y

TEST

1. Insult is one of the serious complications of....

a) hypotension

b) neuritis

c) hypertension

d) angina pectoris

e) myocardial infarction

2. Most cases of apoplexy occur after the age of....

a) 30

b) 40

c) 50

d) 60

e) 70

3. The onset of apoplexy is usually....

a) gradual

b) abrupt

c) sharp

d) sudden

e) slow

4. Apoplexy is most commonly accomponied by....

a) vomiting

b) paralysis

c) nausea

d) diarrhea

e) constipation

5. The prognosis is poorest in those patients who develop....

a) severe cough

b) rales

c) breathlessness

d) pain

e) a high fever

6. Paralyses often improve after... as the edema of the brain subsided.

a) one or two days

b) one or two weeks

c) several days

d) a month

e) several months

7. Examination of the spinal fluid reveals an increase of the....

a) leucocyte count

b) meningococci

c) pressure

d)erythrocyte count

e) neutrophils

8. Paralyses lasting... or longer are likely to be more or less permanent.

a) one or two days

b) three-four days

c) a week

d) two weeks

e) a month

9. A vaiety of neurological signs may be evident depending... the location of the hemorrage.

a) in

b) upon

c) at

d) from

e) by

10. If consciousness returns, the patient may suffer... subsequent attacks at any time.

a) on

b) at

c) from

d) for

e) in

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

Neuron ['njuәron], Wiring ['waiәriŋ], Outwardly ['autwәdli], Embarrassment [im' bærәsmәnt], License ['laisәns], Threatening ['qretniŋ], Enhance [in' ha:ns],

Goal [goul], Transplanting [træns'pla:ntiŋ]

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

Cluster скопление

Wiring фиксация

Seizure эпилептический припадок

To interfere вредить

Outwardly внешне, снаружи, на вид

Embarrassment затруднение, препятствие, расстройство,

нарушение, недостаточность

Social setting окружение

Recreational развлекательный

To enhance усилить

To predict предсказывать

Exercise 3. Match English word combinations with the following Russian ones:

1. Clusters of nerve cells   2. Loss of consciousness 3. To lead to seizures 4. Diagnostic test for epilepsy   5. Brain scan 6. Vagus nerve stimuli   7. Behavioral and emotional problems   8. refuse drivers licenses 9. Life-threatening 10. Sudden unexplained death   11. With goal to enhancing treatment   12. Transplanting fetal pig neurons 13. to maintain a strict diet 14. rich in fats and low in carbohydrates food

1. пересадка эмбриональных нервных клеток свиньи; 2. внезапная необъяснимая смерть; 3. раздражители блуждающего нерва; 4. диагностический тест на эпилепсию; 5. скопление нервных клеток; 6. отказ на получение водительских прав; 7. вести к эпилептическим припадкам; 8. потеря сознания; 9. опасный для жизни; 10. богатая на жиры и бедная на углеводы пища; 11. поведенческие и эмоциональные проблемы; 12. с целью усиления лечения; 13. поддерживать строгую диету 14. сканограмма мозга

Exercise 4. Match medical terms with the proper definitions:

1. ketogenic diet   2. Synapse   3. Neurons     4. Neurotransmitter     5. gamma-aminobutryic acid   6. Vagus nerve     7. Epilepsy

1. – a disorder of the brain function characterized by recurrent seizures that have a sudden onset. 2. – (nerve cell) one of the basic functional units of the nervous system: a cell specialized to transmit electrical nerve impulses and so carry information from one part of the body to another. 3. – a chemical substances released from nerve endings to transmit impulses across synapses to other nerves and across the minute gaps between the nerves and the muscles or glands that they supply. 4. – the minute gap across which the nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next, at the end of a nerve fiber. 5. – the tenth cranial nerve, which supplies motor nerve fibers to the muscles of swallowing and parasymphatic fibers to the heart and organs of the chest cavity and abdomen. 6. – an amino acid found in the central nervous system, predominantly in the brain, where it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. 7.– a diet that promotes the formation of ketonic bodies (are produced during the metabolism of fats) in the tissue.

Exercise 5. Give the adjectives and adverbs in the comparative and superlative degree. Find in the text such adjectives or adverbs.

Model 1: great – greater – the greatest

Thick, large, near, thin, late, early, highly, narrow, few, busy.

Model 2: difficult – more difficult – the most difficult

Interesting, important, different, careful, virulent, easily, slowly

Model 3: good/well – better – the best

Bad, much/many, little, old, badly, far.

Exercise 6: Form adjectives from the given words with the help of the given suffixes. Translate them into Russian.

- ful care, pain, beauty, use, harm, hope

- less use, hope, sleep, rest, pain, home, life

- al nature, practice, experiment, mechanic

- y wind, bone, salt, health, ease, sleep, rapid

- able change, move, eat, response, consider

- ous infection, danger, nerve, fiber, vein

- ive (- tive, -ative) express, connect, cause, operate

- ic history, metal, psyche, system, science

Exercise 7. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the sentences with Infinitive.

The patient to be operated on was brought to the hospital on a stretcher.

This is the patient to be given general anesthesia.

The surgeon took a scalpel to make a midline abdominal incision.

The surgeon must be operating on the patient with a perforative appendicitis now.

To prevent complications after the flu one must go to bed at the onset of the disease and take prescribed drugs.

To treat advanced cases of malignant tumors is very difficult.

We had to take the newly admitted patient for an operation immediately to prevent the rupture of the appendix.

The old man was too weak to be operated on and the doctor decided to postpone the operation.

Exercise 8. Open the brackets using Infinitive in the appropriate form:

This is the patient (to take) to ward.

He wanted (to send) to the oncological centre for practice.

He seems (to recover) by and by (gradually).

The students were glad (to show) a plastic operation yesterday.

(To operate) on this patient we must give him a local anesthesia first.

The nurse brought the blood (transfer) to the patient (to operate).

The stitches are (to remove) on the tenth post-operative day.

(To consider) negative, an infant must have a negative DNA after age one month.

The patient had (to take) to an operation immediately to prevent the rupture of the appendix.

Further studies are needed (to characterize) the cause and possible treatment of hyper ammonia after lung transplantation.

Exercise 9. Read and translate the text:

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