British and Russian Cuisine

I. Skim the text to grasp the general idea.

Reading

Warm up.

Lesson 5. International cuisine

Choose any nationality and describe the rules of dining etiquette in this country.

Writing

Speaking

IV. Read the list of Table Dos.

1. Put your napkin on your lap. Do not wear it around your neck.

2. Gravy should be put on the meat, and the condiment, pickles and jelly at the side of whatever they accompany.

3. All juicy or soft fruit or cake is best eaten with a fork and when necessary a spoon or a knife also.

4. When passing your plate for a second helping always leave a knife and a fork on the plate and be sure the handles are far enough on not to topple off.

5. Fish bones are taken between finger and thumb and re­moved between compressed lips.

6. Bread should always be broken into moderate-sized pieces with the fingers before being eaten.

V. Complete the list of Table Dos and Don’ts and say how one should eat:

	Dos	Don’ts
soup
meat
bananas
oranges
apples
melons
wedding cake

You are in a foreign restaurant with a local supplier. As you don’t speak their language very well, you are both speaking English.

1. Answer your host’s questions and talk about your impressions of their town so far. Ask them what there is to see and do in the city and remember to respond enthusiastically to some of their suggestions, be diplomatic! Keep the conversation going by talking a little about current affairs, sport, the weather, holidays, your family.

2. Decide what you would like to eat and to drink. If there are things on the menu you don’t understand you could ask your host to explain them to you. If you are not sure what to choose, perhaps your host can recommend something. Remember to sound interested in the food.

3. Your host’s company is one of three which supply yours with electrical components and you are quite happy with this arrangement. You really don’t want to re-negotiate your contract with them and, anyway, you don’t believe in mixing business and pleasure. Without being rude, avoid getting into any discussions about business. If business does come up, try to change the subject.

I. Do you know any typical meals from the following countries?

France England Italy

India Spain Mexico

Turkey America Greece

II. What do you think influences a country’s food? What influences the food in your country?

Visitors to Britain generally agree about one thing–British cooking. “It’s terrible!” they say. You can cook vegetables in so many interesting ways. But the British cook vegetables for too long, so they lose their taste. These visitors eat in the wrong places. The best British cooking is in good restaurants and hotels, or at home.

British tastes have changed a lot over the past twenty years. In 1988 the national average for each person was 352 grams of “red” meat each week, but now it’s less than 259 grams. People prefer chicken and fresh fish. And more people are interested in healthy eating these days. In 1988 the national average was 905 grams of fruit and fruit juices each week, but now it’s nearly 2,000 grams.

The British have a “sweet tooth”. They love cakes, chocolates and sweets.

Today many people want food to be quick and easy. When both parents are working, they cannot cook large meals in the evenings. “Ready-made” meals from supermarkets and Marks and Spencer and “take-away” meals from fast food restaurants are very popular. If you are feeling tired or lazy, you can even phone a local restaurant. They will bring the food to your house.

Twenty years ago, British people usually ate at home. They only went out for a meal at special times, like for somebody’s birthday. But today, many people eat out at least once a week.

In the past, traditional steakhouses were very popular places, but now many people prefer foreign food. Every British town has Indian and Chinese restaurants and large towns have restaurants from many other countries too.

Pubs are also very popular. There are over 60,000 pubs in the UK (53,200 in England and Wales, 5,200 in Scotland and 1,600 in Northern Ireland). British people drink an average of 99.4 litres of beer every year. Mote than 80% of this beer is drunk in pubs and clubs.

Russian cooking is rather simple, leisurely, relaxed affair. The special peculiarity of traditional Russian cuisine is mainly in the freshness of the ingredients, simplicity of cooking methods and restraint with almost the only spices found in a typical Russian kitchen. Living in Russia one cannot butstick to a Russian diet.Keeping this diet for an Englishman is fatal. The Russianshave meals four times a day and theircuisine is quite intricate.

Every person starts his or her day withbreakfast. Poor English­men are sentenced to either acontinentalor anEnglish breakfast. From the Russian point of view, when one has it continental it ac­tually means that one has no breakfast at all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee andeating a bun. A month of continental breakfasts for some Russians would meanstarving. The English breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one or twofried eggs, grilled sausages, bacon,tomatoes andmushrooms. The Englishhave tea with milk andtoast with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may havecorn flakes with milkand sugar or porridge.

In Russia people mayhave anythingfor breakfast. Some good-humoured individuals even prefer soup, but, of course,sandwiches andcoffee are very popular. One can easily understand that in Great Britain by one o'clock people are very muchready for lunch. Lunch is the biggest meal of the day. That would be music for a Russian's ears until he or she learns what lunch really consists of. It may be a meat orfish course withsoft drinks followed by asweet course.

The heart of a Russian person fills with joy when the hands of the clock approach three o'clock. His or her dinnerincludes three courses. A Russian will have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks, chops, orfish fillets withgarnish, a lot ofbread, of course, andsomething to drink. The more the better. At four or five the Russians mayhave a bite: waffles, cakes withjuice,tea, cocoa,or something of the kind.

In Great Britain theyhave dinner at five or six.Soup may be served then, but one should not be misled by the word "soup". British soup is justthin paste and a portion is three times smaller than in Russia. A lot of British prefer to eat out. "Fish and Chips " shops are very popular with theirtake-away food. The more sophisticated publicgoes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants and ex­periments withshrimp, inedible vegetables and hot drinks.

Supper in Russia means one more big meal at seven.The table groans with food again. In England it is just asmall snack – a glass of milk with biscuits at ten.

Most Russians have nevercounted calories and they are deeply convinced that their food ishealthy. Some housewives may admit that it takes some time to prepare all the stuff, includingpickles, home-made preserves and traditional Russianpies andpancakes. Theyboil, fry, roast,grill, broil, bake and make.

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