Придаточные предложения реального условия и времени, действие которых отнесено к будущему
УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
Условные предложения могут быть следующими:
1. Предложения реального условия.
2. Предложения нереального условия. Употребление глагольных форм в этих предложениях зависит от степени реальности и времени действия, выраженного глаголом.
В придаточных предложениях условия и времени с союзами
if (если),
when (когда),
after (после),
before (перед тем, как),
as soon as (как только),
unless (если не),
until (до тех пор, пока не),
будущее время заменяется формой настоящего времени, но на русский язык переводится будущим, например:
If you help mе (придаточное предл. условия), I shall do this work on time (главное предл.). — Если ты поможешь мне, я сделаю эту работу вовремя.
As soon as I am free, I'll come to you. — Как только я освобожусь, я приду к тебе.
We shall not begin until you come. — Мы не начнем, пока ты не придешь.
(Сослагательное наклонение)
Сослагательное наклонение выражает возможность, нереальность, предположительность действия.
а) действие относится к настоящему или будущему:
If I knew his address I would write to him.
Если бы я знал его адрес (сейчас), я написал бы ему (сейчас или в ближайшем будущем).
If the weather were fine he would go to the country.
Если бы погода (сейчас) была хорошей, он бы поехал за город.
Глагол в придаточном предложении – в форме Past Simple, в главном – в форме Future in the Past.
б) действие относится к прошлому:
If the weather had been fine yesterday he would have gone to the country.
Если бы погода была вчера хорошей, он бы поехал за город.
В случае если действие, описываемое сослагательным наклонением, относится к прошедшему времени, в главном предложении используется форма будущего совершенного с точки зрения прошедшего Future Perfect-in-the Past, а в придаточном – прошедшее совершенное Past Perfect.
If I had known his address I would have written to him.
Если бы я знал его адрес (в прошлом), я написал бы ему (в прошлом же).
Для выражения сожаления, относящегося к будущему, употребляются сочетания с глаголом could; для выражения пожелания на будущее, а также жалобы, просьбы или раздражения, употребляется would.
I wish I lived not far from here. (Настоящее время)
I wish I could live not far from here. (Будущее время)
Жаль, что я не живу поблизости.
I wish I had lived not far from here. (Прошедшее время)
I wish I would live not far from here. (Будущее время)
Жаль, что я не жил поблизости.
Примеры:
I wish it were not so cold. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы не было так холодно.
I wish I knew their address. Мне бы хотелось знать их адрес.
I wish I had made decision yesterday. Жаль, что я не принял решение вчера.
I wish you could send the answer as soon as possible. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы послали ответ как можно скорее.
We wish you would accept our offer. Нам бы хотелось, чтобы вы приняли наше предложение.
Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson. 2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train. 3. It would be better if you learned to drive a car. 4. I wish I had known this before. 5. I would have sent a letter to you if I had known your address. 6. If I had met you yesterday I would have told you about it. 7. If I were in your place I wouldn't buy the tickets beforehand. 8. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you. 9. We wish you would visit us on Saturday.
Переведите на русский язык.
1. I wish the customers were not late as usual.
2. I wish the letter hadn't been so long.
3. I wish you wouldn't be slow.
4. I wish I could go to my work by car.
5. I wish it would stop raining.
Раскройте скобки.
1. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for you until you (come) back from school. 3. I'm afraid the train (start) before we (come) to the station. 4. We (go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine. 5. We (not pass) the examination next year if we not (work) much harder. 6. If you (not drive) more carefully you (have) an accident. 7. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 8. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 9. You must (send) us a telegram as soon as you (arrive). 10. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 11. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 12. We (not to have) dinner until you (come). 13. I'm sure they (write) to us when they (know) our new address.
1. My husband would have been mad at me if I..... his tools in their proper place.
wouldn’t have put
hadn’t put
didn’t put
2. If she..... not so absent-minded, she wouldn’t have made this silly mistake.
were
had been
would be
3. I’d rather you..... me with washing up. There are a lot of dirty dishes in the sink.
help
helped
should have
4. The fire alarm sounded and it was ordered that everybody..... the building as soon as possible.
would leave
should leave
could leave
5. It might have been somebody he knew and wasn’t afraid of, otherwise he..... unawares, would he?
wouldn’t have been caught
wouldn’t be caught
shouldn’t have been caught
6. He looked at his watch and decided that it was time..... another phone call.
he made
he make
he would make
7. If he..... rich, he would buy a new car and would ask Kathy to go out with him.
were
had been
is
8. Now, children. It is high time you......
were washed and dressed
would be washed and dressed
were have been washed and dressed
9. I look ridiculous in this attire; I wish I..... this pantsuit.
didn’t buy
hadn’t bought
wouldn’t have bought
10. Police officer Toby Stuart wished he..... enough information about Mandy’s past.
had
had had
would have
11. It is important that he..... the entire truth however unpleasant it might be.
should know
would know
knew
12. The situation seems totally out of control. I wish there..... a way out!
had been
be
were
13. Why aren’t you listening to me? If only you..... how important it is!
realized
had realized
would have realized
14. Look at your face and hands. If only your mother..... you now!
would see
could see
could have seen
15. We have been walking for two hours. I am so tired. If only we..... a taxi!
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