Unit 2. The passive voice

Unit 1. The active voice

Grammar in use

PART II

Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions on the right (a - h).

VERBS

1) enforce 2) facilitate 3) prevent 4) afford 5) defer 6) increase 7) dispense with 8) counterfeit

а) keep from happening, hinder b) to put off to a future time, postpone c) give force to, make effective d) grow, become greater in size, amount, etc. e) do without f) help, assist; make easy g) make an imitation, copy in order to deceive h) give, supply

NOUNS

1) manual 2) fraud 3) revenue 4) regulations 5) circumvention 6) enforcement 7) workload 8) impact

1) getting round a law, rule 2) giving force to 3) a handy book for use as a guide, reference, etc. 4) amount of work 5) criminal deception, cheating 6) strong influence 7) rule, order, law 8) income

11.4. Speaking. Present your views on the following.

1) What government practices can act as barriers to trade?

2) In what way may tariffs affect the economy of the country? What is the situation in Russia?

3) "Protection and patriotism are reciprocal". (J. Calhoun)

4) "Dispatch is the sole of business." (P. D. Stanhope)

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	V1 – sell V1 + s – sells Do (does)?	be (is, am, are) + P1 is (am, are) + selling Is (am, are)?	have (has) + P2 have (has) + sold Have (has)?	Have (has) + been + P1 have (has) + been + selling Have (has)?
Past	V2 – sold Did?	be (was, were) + P1 was (were) + selling Was (were)?	had + P2 had + sold Had?	had + been + P2 had + been + sold Had?
Future	will (shall)+V1 will sell Will (shall)?	will (shall) + be + P1 will (shall) + be + selling Will (shall)?	Will (shall) + have + P2 will (shall) + have + sold Will (shall)?	will (shall) + have + been + P1 will (shall) + have + been + selling Will (shall)?
Future-in-the-past	would (should) + V1 would sell Would (should)?	Would (should) + be + P1 would be sold Would (should)?	would (should) + have + P2 would have sold Would (should)?	would (should) + have + been + P1 would have been selling Would (should)?

	Simple (to be + Participle II)	Continuous (to be + being + Participle II)	Perfect (to have + been + Participle II)
Present	The product is bought. Is the product bought? The product isn't bought.	The product is being bought. Is the product being bought? The product isn't being bought.	The product has been bought. Has the product been bought? The product hasn't been bought.
Past	The product was bought. Was the product bought? The product wasn't bought.	The product was being bought. Wasthe product being bought? The product wasn't being bought.	The product had been bought. Had the product been bought? The product hadn't been bought.
Future	The product will be bought. Will the product be bought? The product won't be bought.	Не употребляется	The product will have been bought. Willthe product have been bought? The product won't have been bought.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27