Complex Subject

Complex Object

Infinitive constructions

Functions of the infinitive

Forms of the infinitive

Unit 4. The infinitive

Perfect	to have signed (to have + Participle II)	to have been signed (to have been + Participle II)
Continuous	to be signing (to be + Participle I)	–
Perfect Continuous	to have been signing (to have been + Participle I)	–

Function	Example
1. Subject 2. Part of the compound predicate 3. Object 4. Attribute 5. Adverbial Modifier	То read aloud is very useful. Our aim is to master English. I told him to go as quickly as possible. Here is the article to be translated. I came to help you.

Construction	Example
Complex Object noun (g. c.) + inf. pron. (obj. c.)	We believe her to be in Moscow now. She wanted me to return soon. We expect him to come here.

Complex Object is used after the verbs that express:

1) wish and need: to want – хотеть, нуждаться, to wish, to desire – желать, would like – хотел бы.

Ex.: I want you to help me. Would you like me to translate this text?

2) supposition: to suppose – предполагать, to expect – ожидать, to consider – считать, полагать, to believe – верить, полагать.

Ex.: They consider him to become a good engineer. We believe her to be in Moscow now.

3) physical perception: to watch – наблюдать, to see – видеть, to hear – слышать, to feel – чувствовать (без частицы to).

Ex.: The students heard him play the piano. She felt somebody look at her.

4) statement, knowledge: to know – знать, to find – обнаруживать, находить, to think – думать, to declare – заявлять.

Ex.: We know him to have taken part in the conference.

5) compulsion, order, prohibition: to cause – причинять, вызывать, to get, to make – (без частицы to) заставлять, to command, to order – велеть, приказывать.

Ex.: We could not get him go there.

6) request, permission: ask – просить, to allow, to permit – позволять, to enable – давать возможность.

Ex.: I allowed him to come in.

Construction	Example
Complex Subject noun (g. c.) (+ v.) + inf. pron. (n. c.)	They are said to have travelled lot.

Complex Subject is used in the Passive Voice with the following verbs: to hear – слышать, to see – видеть, to find – находить, обнаруживать, to know – знать, to report – сообщать, to expect – ожидать, полагать, to consider – считать, рассматривать, to believe – полагать, to say – говорить, to suppose – предполагать.

Ex.: The delegation was reported to have already arrived.

The conference is believed to take place in Minsk.

Complex Subject is used in the Active Voice with the following verbs: to seem, to appear – казаться, to prove – оказаться, to happen – случаться, to turn out – оказаться and with the phrases: to be unlikely (likely) – маловероятно, to be sure (unsure) – определенно, безусловно, to be certain (uncertain) – определенно, наверняка.

Ex.: The dinner seems to be ready. The weather is not likely to change. They are sure to come.

Construction «for» + noun (pron.) + inf.

Construction	Example
«for» + noun (pron.) + inf.	Everybody waited for the meeting to start. This is for you to decide.

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