Necessity of economic and ecological safety

Text 14D

A land resource, as a plant of the real estate can not be physically withdrawn and displaced, processed and dissolved in another production. This specific characteristic of the landownership allows keeping it in a focus of public attention and monitoring, to stipulate it by a complex of regulating demands and limitations. Thus the possibility to provide priority of public interests above individual always remains, the society has free-hand in modification of standards of land use and provision on the rights of land tenants.

The peculiarity of the landownership creates the objective reasons and technological possibilities for interposition of authorized bodies in correlation and mutual relation between people, originating from allocation, redistribution, usage and restoration of land resources. This interposition can have both – administrative and economic basis, to be more or less command-bureaucratic or liberal-market. But anyway the society remains the principal owner of territorial – land resources, regulating the land-property relations in different legal ways.

Serious problem of land use today is the aggravating contravention between interests of the land users and possibility of conservation of useful properties of land resources.

Abusive usage of lands has resulted in lowering productivity of agricultural structure. The critical state of a land complex of Russia and its ecosystem in whole is a very important problem. Certainly, the indicated problems were not a surprise. They cannot be considered, as it is done by some politicians and journalists, as outcome of unreasoned destroying of an old command management system and its substitution by a more liberal market system of socially-economic regulating. On the contrary, the necessity of such conversions was historically determined by long-time accruing of the social and economic, political, ideological, natural and ecological contraventions which have become excessive, and clearly seen at the moment of total reforming of the settled social structure.

Other matter, that this reformation has better to say, declarative and superstructural character, than structural – basis character, differs by an extreme inconsistency and unpredictedness, what has resulted in a continuation of a difficult process of public perturbations. Land-property relations were in the epicenter of this process. Therefore the development of mechanisms and strategy of their regulating in modern conditions acquires substantial value for integrated development of the nation, ensuring its economic and ecological safety.

Lesson 15. IMPORTANCE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1. Прочтите следующие слова:

Disturbed, ugliness, wildlife, beyond, purifying, widespread, endangering, associated, mean, significantly, jointly, wealthiest, emission, ozone, controversy, gully, splash, nuisance.

2. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Widespread cries, gully erosion, chemicals and fertilizers, industry waters, great publicity, trust and support, ugliness of billboards and trash, strict pollution control, considerable improvement, wildlife reservation, beyond the concern of a single country, sheet and rill erosion, raindrop splash, the burning of fuels.

3. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

abrasion (n.) – смыв материка морской водой, снашивание, истирание

acid rains – кислотные дожди

aggregate (n.) – совокупность

animal husbandry – животноводство

beyond (prep.) – за пределами

billboard (n.) – доска для объявлений

blame (v.) – порицать, считать виновным

burn (v.) – сжигать

combat (v.) – бороться

consequences (n.) – последствия

controversy (n.) – спор, дискуссия, обсуждение

cropping (n.) – земледелие

crust (n.) – земная кора, поверхностные отложения

curtail (v.) – урезать

death (n.) – смерть

deforestation (n.) – вырубка леса

depletion (n.) – истощение, исчерпывание

deposition (n.) – отложение, осадок, накипь

disperse (v.) – рассеивать, разбрасывать

disturb (v.) – нарушать

ditch (n.) – яма, канава, траншея

emission (n.) – выделение (тепла, света, запаха)

encrustation (n.) – покрытие коркой

endanger (v.) – подвергать опасности

expose (v.) – подвергаться

fine (adj.) – мелкий

fragile (adj.) – слабый, недолговечный

fully banks – переполненные берега

great publicity – большая огласка

greenhouse (n.) – теплица, парник

greenhouse gases – парниковый эффект, парниковые газы

gully erosion – овражная эрозия

harm (v.) – повреждать

high velocity wind – сильный ветер

human induced soil degradation – деградация почвы, спровоцированная человеком

install (v.) – устанавливать

knoll (n.) – холм, бугор

leaching (n.) – выщелачивание

natural resources – полезные ископаемые, природные ресурсы

nuisance (n.) – помеха

oil waters – воды, загрязненные нефтью

ozone layer – озоновый слой

over-pumping – чрезмерное выкачивание

pipeline (n.) – трубопровод

pond (n.) – пруд

purify (v.) – очистить

raindrop splash – дождевой поток

residues (n.) – остатки

resistance (n.) – сопротивление

ripple (n.) – рябь, волнистость

seepage (n.) – просачивание, стекание

sheet and rill erosion – линейная и ручейковая эрозия

sloughing (n.) – заболачивание

slumping (n.) – оползание грунта

spaceship (n.) – космический корабль

steep slope – крутой склон

stress (v.) – подчеркивать

suffer (v.) – страдать

support (n.) – поддержка

tin cans – консервные банки

threaten (v.) – угрожать

trampling (n.) – вытаптывание

trash (n.) – мусор

trigger (v.) – приводить в движение

trust (n.) – доверие

wastes (n.) – отходы

widespread cries – многочисленные призывы

wildlife reservation – заповедник дикой природы

yet (adv.) – ещё, уже, даже

4. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст:

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27