Other kinds of welding

Texts for written translation with a dictionary

Supplementary reading.

Arc welding

Text B

VI. Reading and comprehension

Ex. 12. Give information about welding and the types of welding using the table from ex. 11.

Ex. 13. Make up the dialogue:

You are a student of the 2 course and you have a task to write down a report on the subject “ Welding and its using” You are going to visit a plant and have a meeting with a fitter of the shop. Ask questions in order to get the information about:

- The most common types of welding;

- The necessity to protect hot metal;

- Two main ways to shield an arc welding.

- Some kinds of welding not using an electric arc.

- Ways of protection during welding.

Ex. 14. Read and translate the text without a dictionary for 5 minutes and answer the questions after the text:

Any kind of welding that uses an electric arc is a kind of arc welding. There are different kinds of arc welding too— shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a common type. Sometimes SMAW is called stick welding. Another common one is gas metal arc welding (GMAW). It is sometimes called wire welding or metal inert gas welding (MIG welding). Another type of arc welding that is less common is gas tungsten arc welding (also known as tungsten inert gas welding or TIG welding). Before there were many kinds of arc welding, SMAW was called just 'arc welding'. Sometimes it is still called that today, but it's better to call it by it's real name instead. Arc welding heats metals by making an electric arc between the piece of metal and something called an electrode. An electrode is the part of the welder that the arc touches.

Sometimes the electrode is used up by the welding, sometimes it is not. In SMAW, GMAW, and some other kinds, the electrode is used up. The electrode is made of the same kind of metal that is being welded, and melts into the weld and becomes part of it. Because it is used up, it must constantly be fed into the weld. In SMAW, the electrode is a rod of metal with flux on it. There is more information on flux further down. The person doing the weld feeds the rod into the weld. In GMAW, the electrode is a thin wire that might be as thin as 0.635 millimeters. Really big welds might use a 4 millimeter electrode, but the biggest common electrode size is around 2 millimeters. The welding machine has a motor in it that pushes this wire into the weld.

1. What can be called a kind of arc welding?

2. What is stick welding?

3. What is an electrode?

4. What do you know about welding machine?

Read the texts and translate them in writing. Use a dictionary

Spot welding - точкове зварювання forge welding – ковальне зварювання

Some kinds of welding do not use an electric arc. They might use a flame, electricity without an arc, an energy beam, or physical force. The most common type of welding that does not use an arc is called gas welding. In gas welding, a flammable (meaning it will burn) gas and oxygen are combined and burn at the end of a torch. Gas welding does not need any special shielding because a flame which is adjusted right has no extra oxygen in it. It is still important to make sure the metal is clean. The flame heats up the metal so much that it melts. When both the pieces of metal are melted at the edge, the liquid metal becomes one piece.

The other kind of welding that does not use an arc still uses electricity. It is called resistance welding. With this kind, two pieces of thin metal are pinched together and then electricity is made to go through them. This makes the metal get really hot and melt where it is pinched together. The two pieces melt together at that place. Sometimes this is called spot welding because the welding can only happen at one small place(or spot) at a time.

Forge welding is the very first kind of welding that ever was used. Forge welding needs the two pieces of metal to so hot that they almost melt. Then they are beat together with hammers until they are one piece.

The other kinds of welding that do not use an arc are hard to do, and usually new. They are expensive too. Most of these kinds of welding are only done where specially needed. They might use an electron beam, laser, or ultrasonic sound waves.

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