Unit VI. The superheater

Choose the proper verb and put it into the correct form. There are more verbs than necessary.

Translate the words into Russian.

Self-assessment questions.

Supply prepositions.

Give English equivalents.

Обеспечивать; горение топлива; облицовывать (футеровать); выступать в качестве; горение; тянуться; поддерживать; высокая топочная температура; непрерывная подача; продукты сгорания; топливоподогреватель; уменьшать вязкость; проходить; мелкораспыленная струя; по методу распыления; преимущество; регулирование.

1. Water-tube boilers are lined … refractory firebrick.

2. The brickwork acts … furnace insulation.

3. Water walls consist … a number of tubes and extend … the sides of the furnace setting.

4. The oil is first heated … steam or electric fuel oil heaters.

5. The heated oil passes … the burners where it is atomized.

6. Mechanical atomizing oil burners may be classified … … their method of atomization.

7. Steam-assisted oil burners are widely spread … marine practice.

1. What does a furnace provide?

2. What are furnace walls lined with?

3. What is the function of water walls?

4. What set of conditions is necessary to provide the efficient burning of oil fuel?

5. Why should the oil be heated?

6. What types of burners do you know?

7. What are the advantages of steam-assisted oil burners?

Heat-heater-heated-heating; obtain-obtainable-unobtainable; reduce-reduction; viscosity-viscous; provide-provision; pass-passage; vaporize-vapour-vaporization-vaporizer; atomize-atomizer-atomization; revolve-revolution-revolving; rotate-rotation-rotating-rotary.

1. The oil … in steam or electric fuel oil heater.

2. Heating … oil viscosity and … it easier to pump, filter and atomize.

3. The heated oil … through the burners where it is ….

4. Mechanical oil burners and steam-assisted ones … to obtain efficient atomization.

5. The furnaces of water tube boilers … with refractory firebrick.

(to heat, to regulate, to pass, to consist of, to reduce, to make, to atomize, to employ, to line, to depend)

6. Translate into English:

1. Топка должна обеспечить устойчивое горение топлива.

2. Стенки топки футерованы слоем огнеупора и покрыты слоем изоляции.

3. Для эффективного сгорания топлива необходим определенный комплекс условий.

4. В топке необходимо поддерживать высокую температуру, постоянно подавать в нее воздух и удалять продукты горения.

5. Топливо следует подогревать для уменьшения его вязкости.

6. Основное преимущество паромеханических форсунок состоит в высоком качестве распыления и широком диапазоне регулирования подачи.

TEXT B

The efficiency of the steam power plant is influenced by the steam conditions, i.e. pressure and temperature. That is why the superheater is an essential part of the modern marine boiler.

Steam is superheated by being heated above the temperature of saturation. Superheaters may be divided into several types:

- the convection type installed in one of the gas passages of the boiler;

- the radiant type installed in the boiler furnace;

- the multi-loop type placed remote from the furnace in the lower part of the uptake.

The convection type superheater usually consists of two headers into which seamless steel tubes are rolled. The tubes are connected to the steam inlet header and to the superheater outlet header. Steam from the boiler circulates through these tubes. Superheater tubes range from 1 to 2 in. in diameter; the temperature rarely exceeds 550°C, as the tensile strength of most metals decreases rapidly after passing 350°C.

With increased evaporation rates and higher superheat temperatures, many modern boilers use multi-loop type superheaters. These superheaters consist of a number of multi-loop tube elements. The steam enters all the tubes together, but makes several passes across the gas stream through each element.

The boiler drums are designed for a certain maximum operating pressure. When the steam pressure gets above the safe minimum, the safety valve should open and steam discharged. So all superheaters must have one or more safety valves.

Vocabulary

superheater, n пароперегреватель

efficiency, n производительность; КПД

steam conditions параметры пара

saturation, n насыщение

convection type superheater конвективный тип пароперегревателя

radiant type superheater радиационный тип пароперегревателя

multi-loop type superheater змеевиковый тип пароперегревателя

remote отдельно

uptake, n дымоход

seamless, adj бесшовный

roll, v вальцевать; прокатывать

inlet header входной коллектор

outlet header выходной (выпускной) коллектор

range, v колебаться в пределах

inch (in.), n дюйм

exceed, v превышать

tensilest rength предел прочности

decrease, v уменьшать

evaporation rate скорость или интенсивность испарения;

паропроизводительность

gas stream поток газа

EXERCISES

1. Give English equivalents:

Паросиловая установка, влиять, давление, выше температуры, устанавливать, размещать, соединять с, редко, быстро, использовать, поступать в, рабочее давление, слегка перегретый пар, вспомогательные механизмы, установка/агрегат, при необходимости, потребность в паре, существовать, в случае продувки котла.

2. Complete the statements. Choose the proper word from the list:

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