Lesson 18

TEXT В

As with most cultivated crops plowing is usually the first step in seedbed preparation for com. Corn having a more extensive and deeper rooting system than the other cereals, deeper plowing and cultivation are required, both fall and spring plowing are practised in growing corn. The final preparation of the plowed land usually consists In pulverization of the top 4 inches of the soil. This

should he done immediately before the crop is planted in order to control weeds. Soil fertility is more important in growing corn then in growing any of the other cereals. Soils very rich in available nitrogen will cause lodging of the small grains, but they are desirable for corn. For these reasons, such practices as applying barnyard manure, ajd using commercial fertilizers at the time of planting and later as a side dressing are all used to provide the fertility needed for good growth of corn. But one should re­member that germination is much retarded (замедлять)by fertili­zers coming in contact with the seed.In order to maintain high yields corn is usually grown in rotation with other crops,Corn rotations usually include a small grain, and a legume or a legume-grass mixture. As a rule, corn follows a legume or a legume-grass mixture.

ХVIII. Разделите текст на абзацы и передайте кратко основную мысль каждого абзаца (по-русски или по-английски) (устно).

Грамматика и лексика:. 1. Усилительная конструкция

It is... that (who).

2.Предложения типа It is necessary that…

3.Значения слова it (повторение).

4.Значения слова that (повторение).

Задание на дом № 1

I.Проработайте в разделе "Грамматика и словообразование" 24,30 стр. 34,39.

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на усилительную конструкции

1.It is... that(who) (устно). 1. It is due to the high yields per acre that corn requi­res much moisture. 2. It is as livestock feed that corn is mainly used for. 3 It is our agronomist who developed a new variety of rye for our region.4. It is the growth habit of a plant that determines methods and time of its cultivation. 5.' It is a well-planned crop rotation that la considered to be the essential part of any modern farm­ing system. 6. It is the control of weeds that is the main object of cultivation.

III. Переведите следующие предложения (устно).

1. То ensure prompt germination it is necessary th-it tha soil be warm and moist to a considerable depth. 2. To obtain the highest yields it is important that both crop rotation and fertilization be used. 3 It is recommended that two potato varieties differing in the time of matu-

rity should be grown on the same farm. 4. It Is important that com follow such crops as winter cereals, sugar beets or legumes. 5. It Is desirable that manure should bo appli­ed in the fall preceding com planting;

IV. Напишите словарную форму следующих слов:

preferring, known, cooler, believed, inches, given, highest, better, applied, existing, beet, varieties, less, supplies.

V. Найдите в тексте A:

1) усилительную конструкцию it is... that (2й и б-й
абзацы);

2) причастие; П в функции правою определения к существительному (4-й и 7-й абзацы);

3) независимый причастный оборот;

4) неполные предложения.

VI. Переведите текст А (устно). Отработайте чтение текста в лаборатории (лабораторная работа № I).

Text A

POTATOES

Potato, Solanum tuberosum, known both as the Irish potato and as the white potato, is related to such plants as tomato, eggplant, and tobacco. Potato is believed to have been cultivated first in Peru. It was carried to Spain, Italy, and Germany about the middle of the 16th century.

It is the importance of potato as food that is gene­rally recognized. In addition to its extensive use as food, potato is used both in agriculture as livestock feed and in industry. Now it is grown in most countries of the world.

Profitable yields appear to be possible where the

average growing season temperature is between 60° and 70° F, and where the rainfall reaches 12-18 inches, being well distributed over a period from three to four oonths. That ie why commercial production is largely limited to the areas where the climate is fairly cool and moist.

Soils preferred are drained sandy loams well supplied with organic matter and available plant food. If well-drained, peat or muck soils are particularly good for pota­to production. Potato is known to be tolerant of soil aci­dity. It makes a satisfactory growth and yield on a soil with a pH range of 4.8 to 5.4.

The best planting date should provide cool, moist conditions when the plants are blossoming and setting tubers, and relatively short days in the growing season for maximum tuber development.

It is because of the economy of the ecoromy seeding material that most seed tubers are cut into pieces. However, the cut freed is not better than whole tubers from the standpoint W yield1, and cuttiflg adds to labour cost. Moreover, when at, the seed is more subject to drying out and diseased.

The depth of planting varies with the soil type and the equipment used, 5 to 4 inches generally being the best depth. The fertility ot the soil and its moisture-holding lapaeity, the climate, the variety, and the amount of fer­tilizer applied affect spacing withing and between rows.

At present almost all potatoes grown on a commercial seale are harvested by mechanical two-row diggers, that dig, pick up and load the crop.

When ready to store, the tubers snould be clean, matu­re and free from injury. It is necessary that the temperatu­re be between 36 and 46 F to prevent sprouting. There should be enough ventilatldn to provide oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide and heat of respiration.

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