Translate the following sentences with the Gerund. Pay attention to the different translation of the Gerund depending on its different functions

Unit 5. Hydropower. Impacts 37

Section I. Power Engineering

VOCABULARY

silt ил, наносы to deprive of лишать, отнимать hazard опасность to threaten угрожать to assess оценивать to result in приводить к to refurbish подновлять, освежать

environmental impacts воздействие на окружающую среду

to weigh взвешивать

pollutant загрязняющий агент

to submerge погружать под воду, за­топлять

to decay разрушаться, разлагаться

flooding затопление

EXERCISES

1. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

hydro atmospheric minimum alternative radioactive theoretical standard equivalent potential	bacteria accumulate project
2. Find in the text the antonyms to the following words:
a) dangerous c) tiny e) b) last d) maximum	missing

³- Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations from the text:

— hydroelectric power plants — greenhouse gases

- standard atmospheric pollutants - hydroelectric facilities
"■ fossil fuel fired power plants - high water periods

- health hazard - low head turbines

— hydroelectric power construction

a) Hydropower was a clean and environmentally safe method of pro­ducing electricity.

b) In this respect, hydropower is better than burning coal, oil or natural gas.

c) Decaying vegetation, submerged by flooding, may give off quan­tities of greenhouse gases equivalent to those from other sources of electricity.

d) Reservoirs can be used for ensuring adequate water supplies, pro­viding irrigation, and recreation.

e) Damming a river can alter the amount and quality of water in the river downstream of the dam, as well as preventing fish from migrating upstream to spawn.

f) These impacts can be reduced by requiring minimum flows down­stream of a dam, and by creating fish ladders.

g) Harnessing this resource would require billions of dollars.
5. Say whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.

a) Until recently there was an almost universal belief that hydro-power was a clean and environmentally safe method of produc­ing electricity.

b) Hydroelectric power plants emit the standard atmospheric pol­lutants such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide.

c) Hydroelectric power plants result in the risks of radioactive con­tamination.

d) The most obvious impact of hydroelectric dams is the flooding of vast areas of land, much of it previously forested or used for agriculture.

e) The actual amount of electricity which will ever be generated by hydropower will be much more than the theoretical potential.

6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text. a) Run of the river hydroplants without dams and reservoirs would not be a source of these (standard atmospheric pollutants; green­house gases).

b) Opposition to hydropower from environmentalists and native people, as well as new environmental assessments at the World Bank will restrict the amount of money spent on hydroelectric power construction (in the developing countries of the world; in the developed countries of the world).

c) Hydropower has environmental impacts which are very different from those of (nuclear power plants; fossilfuel power plants).

d) In North America and Europe, a large percentage of hydropow­er potential (has already been built; has already been developed).

7. Discuss in groups the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power. Use the following expressions and structures:

I don't think... I totally disagree...

I don't suppose... I have a firm belief...

I'm sure (certain) that... There is no reason to deny...

It's.../likely, not very likely, I'm in complete agreement...
unlikely, possible

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