Vocabulary

limitless source of energy неограни­ченный источник энергии formidable challenge сложная задача promising многообещающий, по­дающий надежды hangar ангар, укрытие to shroud in secrecy держать в тайне thaw «оттепель», смягчение между­народной напряженности to reveal открывать to shared experience делиться опытом prerequisite предпосылка to involve включать vigorous энергичный, решительный

to harness использовать to undertake предпринимать to decline уменьшаться further tightening дальнейшее укре­пление to decelerate замедлять to amount to добиваться essential важный, существенный imperative императив to embrace включать, охватывать conceivable вероятный, возможный availability наличие to decay распадаться, разрушаться burden бремя

Section I. Power Engineering

Unit 14. Fusion

EXERCISES

1. Find the Russian equivalents in b) for the following English words and word combi­nations in a).

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

experimental visit expert reserves programme import global

radiotoxicity results climate atmosphere

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

a) future generations formidable scientific and engineering challenge magnetic confinement promising configuration magnetic chamber large-scale absolute prerequisite fusion research vigorous programmes necessity

significant reserves oil import dependency consequent climatic changes safe and clean major conclusions favourable results time span

potential

isotope

process

effective

gas

configuration

original

b) многообещающая конфи­гурация

исследования термоядер­ного синтеза период времени будущие поколения сложная научная и техни­ческая проблема благоприятные результаты удерживание плазмы магнитным полем главные заключения магнитная камера безопасный и чистый последующие климатиче­ские изменения крупномасштабный зависимость от импорти­руемой нефти абсолютная предпосылка значительные резервы необходимость энергоемкие программы

method

reactor

conceptual

identification

normal

operation

evacuation

3. Find in the text above the antonyms to the following words:

a) limited c) constant e) to rise g) to accelerate

b) easy d) to conceal f) internal

4. Give the Russian equivalents to the English word combinations from the text:

— fusing light nuclei — renewable energy systems

— effective energy-producing — future power station fusions — fusion power stations

— original large-scale experi- — safety and environmental mental fusion device assessments

— large-scale fusion research — fusion power station's

— consequent climatic waste materials changes

5. Translate the following sentences with the Infinitive. Pay attention to the different
ways of translation depending on the different functions of the Infinitive.

a) It is called 'fusion' because it is based on fusing light nuclei such as hydrogen isotopes to release energy.

b) One way to achieve these conditions is to use magnetic confinement.

c) The Russians by bringing their leading fusion expert Academi­cian I.V. Kurchatov to give a lecture "The Possibility of Produc­ing Thermonuclear Reactions in a Gas Discharge" revealed their own work in the field and we shared our experience with ZETA.

d) By 2020 Western European oil and gas reserves will have declined to a point at which only Norway is expected to have significant reserves of natural gas and Western Europe may well enter a phase of declining oil production and rising oil import dependency.

e) In 25 years time, Europe's dependence on the external supply of conventional fuels is likely to have increased from the current level of around 50% to around 70%.

f) Another important factor is likely to be a further tightening of international agreement regarding C0₂ emissions to decelerate the effects of global warming and consequent climatic changes.

6. Complete the following sentences to check how much you have memorized.

a) It is called 'fusion' because it is based on fusing light nuclei such as hydrogen isotopes (to release energy, to produce energy, to trans­mit energy).

108 Section I. Power Engineering

b) Effective energy-producing fusions require that gas from a combination of isotopes of hydrogen is heated to very high temperatures (200 million degrees Centigrade, 100 million de­grees Centigrade, 300 million degrees Centigrade).

c) Prophetically, one of the great Russian pioneers of fusion phys­ics said: "We will not harness the potential of fusion until (it becomes safe, it becomes a necessity, it becomes customary).

d) Another important factor is likely to be a further tightening of international agreement regarding C0₂ emissions to deceler­ate the effects of global warming and (consequent river flow changes, consequent humidity changes, consequent climatic changes).

e) The main participants in SEAFP were the NET (Next Exper­imental Torus) team, the UKAEA, other European fusion lab­oratories, and a grouping of major (European industrial com­panies, American industrial companies, Asian industrial companies).

7. Answer the following questions using the information from the text.

a) Why is it called fusion?

b) What is the most promising configuration of magnetic confine­ment?

c) What is the role of the Academician I.V. Kurchatov?

d) What about Western European oil and gas reserves?

e) Could fusion have an important role to play in the energy bal­ance?

f) What are the major conclusions reached by the SEAFP team?

8. Write a summary of the text using the following phrases:

— as the title implies the article describes

- the text gives a valuable information on

— much attention is given to

— it draws our attention to

- it should be stressed emphasized that

- it is specially noted

Unit 14. Fusion

Дата добавления: 2015-05-08