Make the summary of the texts in English

Read the following texts about renewable energy sources.

Harley Nuss

Nuclear fission is fine and well, but there are just too many prob­lems with it. Let's not ignore the recent successes in Nuclear FUSION. Just this July, Sandia National Laboratories used the world's fastest supercomputer to find a way to increase their Z accelerator output from 500,000 to 1,500,000 degrees. This is an important step since a fusion reaction can be maintained with as little as 2 million degrees. With fu­sion, there is no waste or radiation hazards and just one gram of fuel can supply forty times the world's current energy needs for one year. Maybe we should hold off building more nuclear power plants. Nucle­ar fusion is coming soon.

2. Read the texts again and give the summary of the texts in Russian.

^^^Ш В. RENEWABLES ^^^

Electricity from Landfill Gas: New Technologies for an Industrial Approach

The production of electricity from landfill' gas can make a signifi­cant contribution to both reducing consumption of fossil fuels and re­ducing the emissions of greenhouse gases, in this case methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (C0₂). Operational reliability² can often be a prob­lem with innovative renewable energy technologies so the aim of this project is not only to produce electricity, but to generate it to meet the same conditions required of conventional power plants; to guaran­tee to supply 10 MWe, over a period often years, with an operational availability of 95%. The new power plant will be installed at a very large landfill site in the suburbs³of Paris.

With an annual waste input to the site of more than 350,000 tonnes, the plant is designed to use gas extracted from the landfill, at about 9,200 cubic metres an hour. The landfill gas, a mixture of C0₂ and CH₄ will be burned to raise steam in a boiler and the steam will then be fed to a high efficiency steam-turbine connected to an alternator⁴. About 11 MWe will be generated at the alternator terminals. The main aim of the project is to demonstrate 95% or more availability of the plant over ten year period. The minimum annual electricity production will therefore be 82,800 MWh. This will be fed to the local distribution network. The project incorporates several technical innovations designed to increase reliability. An innova­tive burner system allows constant steam production despite fluctuations⁵ in the low-rate and calorific value of the landfill gas. This is possible because a sophisticated monitoring and control system can allow the addition of heavy fuel oil to the burner's fuel supply as required, although this should constitute less than 5% of the fuel supply. By demonstrating levels of oper­ational availability comparable to that of conventional power stations, this project will help to break down technical barriers to the greater use of re­newable energy technologies.

1 - мусорная свалка; 2 - надежность; 3 — пригород; 4 - генератор переменно­го тока; 5 — колебания

Дата добавления: 2015-05-08