Passive

ACTIVE

RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF PARTICIPLES USED AS ATTRIBUTES

NOTES

1. In some cases Participle I Active in the function of an attribute is rendered in Russuan by a clause.

He came back and stood on the steps leading down to the street.

Он вернулся и стоял на лестнице, которая вела на улицу.

2. Participle I Passive (being read) is very seldom used as an attribute.

3. The Past Participle (Participle II) can be an adverbial modifier when it is used with the conjunctions when, while, as if/as though, though, unless, if.

When told to come in he seemed to change his mind.

Когда его попросили войти, он, казалось, передумал.

She continued staring at the screen as if fascinated.

Она продолжала смотреть на экран, как будто завороженная.

4. The verbs catch, spot, find, discover and smell are not followed by an infinitive. All may be followed by an object and a Present Participle (Participle I).

The teacher caught the pupil cheating.

The search party found (spotted, discovered) the climbers clinging to a rock face.

He smelt the meat cooking.

The verbs spot, find and discover may be followed by an object + Past Participle:

The police found the money hidden in a disused garage.

5. The verbs leave and keep (someone in a certain situation or condition) share some of the characteristics of find and discover. They can be followed by an object + Present or Past Participle:

He left me sitting in the restaurant alone.

He kept me waiting.

He left his bicycle propped against a wall.

He kept the dog chained up.

6. If the actions named by the Participle and by the predicate closely follow each other, the Indefinite Participle is used instead of the Perfect Participle.

Seeing me he smiled happily.

Увидев меня, он счастливо улыбнулся.

7. When we mention two consecutive actions one of them may be named by the Indefinite Participle.

He looked at me smiling.

Он посмотрел на меня и улыбнулся. Seeing that it was getting cold we went home.

Мы увидели, что становится холодно, и пошли домой.

Russian	English	Examples
читающий, который читает	READING	Look at this reading boy! He is only five.
читавший*, который читал (тогда)	READING	We looked at the reading boy. He had a nice voice.
прочитавший, который прочитал (раньше)	who HAD READ	The boy who had read the poem now was taking part in the discussion.
который будет читать	who WILL READ (is going to...)	We've never heard of the actor who will read the poems.

применяющиеся, при- меняемые, которые применяются (обычно)	USED	These are the methods used for metal treatment.
применявшиеся, кото- рые применялись (раньше)	USED	There were several methods usedbefore the invention.
примененные, которые были применены (тогда)	USED	This is the method used in the first experiment.
применяемые, которые применяются (в момент речи)	BEING USED	What do you think of the method being used?
которые будут приме-няться (в будущем)	toBE USED (the Infinitive)	The methods to be used in our new project are quite modern.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-09