Changes in consonant quality

CHANGES IN VOWEL QUALITY

RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION (16, 18, 23, 40, 41)

ACOUSTIC ASPECT OF SPEECH SOUNDS.

Speech sounds have a number of physical properties. The first of them is FREQUENCY (the number of vibrations per sec). The vocal cords vibrate along the whole of their length, producing fundamental frequency, and all the tones.

When the vibrations produced by the vocal cords are regular they produce MUSICAL TONE. When they are irregular – NOISE is produced. When tone prevails over noise, sonorants are produced. When noise prevails over tone, voiced cons-s are produced.

Perception of the pitch of a speech sound depends upon the frequency of vibration of the vocal cords. The higher the pitch of vibrations, the higher the pitch level. A male voice may have an average pitch level of about 100 and 150 cycles per sec, and a female – 240 cycles per sec.

The frequency of sound depend on certain physical properties of the vibrator, such as length, tension.

The second physical property of sound is INTENSITY. The greater the amplitude of vibration, the greater the intensity of a sound; the greater the pressure on the ear drums, the lauder the sound.Any sound has duration, it is its length of time during which the same vibratory motion are maintained.

The Eng lang is spoken in GB, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and the greater part of Canada. It ia native to many, who live in India, israel, Malta. All the national varieties of the Eng lang differ from standart pronunciation. Standard pron is the pronunciation govered by the orthoepic norm. It is the pronunciation of educated circles. It is used by radio, television, relationally neutral. The social standard within Britain is the so-called RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION. It is the teaching norm at schools and higher learning establishments of the Rus Federation, because of: the digree of understadability in english-speaking countries, the extend of RP investigation, the number of text books and audiovisual aids.

In Eng we distinguish conservative, general, advanced. In GB the rigional types of Eng are: the Southern Eng, the Northen Eng, the Standart Scottish.

1) /i:/ and /u:/ becime diphthongized

2) Tendency for some diphthongs to be smoothed out to become shorter, so they’re like pure vowels

3) Diphthongs /oə/, /uə/ tend to be levelled to /o:/

4) /əe/ is sometimes replaced /a:/. Mainly by young people.

5) /əu/ varies from /ou/ to /au/

6) /eə/ like /e/

1) Voiced cons-s become devoiced in final position

2) Devoiced cons’s become voiced in intervocal position /’betə/

3) - /’bedə/

4) Initial /h/ is lost in rapid speech

5) Initial /hw/

6) Loss of final /ŋ/

7) Dark /l/ is spread (influence of GA)

8) Palatalized /k’/

9) Sound combinations like /tj, dj, sj,/ may be pronounced like

/t∫, dЗ, ∫/.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31