Diff in the articul of Eng and Rus vowels

ASSIMILATION. (20, 26, 34, 42)

In the process of speech, that is in the process of transition from the articulatory work of one sound to the articulatory work of the neighbour­ing one, sounds are modified.

Assimilation is a modification of a consonant under the influence of a neighb cons. When a cons is modified under the influence of an adjacent vow­el or vice versa this phenomenon is called adaptation or accommodation, e. g. tune, keen, lea, cool.

When one of the neighboring sounds is not realized in rapid or care­less speech this process is called elision, e. g. a box of matches maybe pronounced without [v].

A. which occurs in everyday speech in the present-day pro­nunciation is called living. Assimilation which took place at an earlier stage in the history of the language is called historical. Assimilation can be:

1) PROGRESSIVE, when the first of the two sounds affected by assimila­tion makes the second sound similar to itself, e. g. in desks the sounds /k/ make the plural inflection s similar to the voiceless /k/.

2) REGRESSIVE, when the second of the two sounds affected by assimi­lation makes the first sound similar to itself, e. g. in the combination at th e the alveolar /t/ becomes dental, assimilated to the interdental / ð / which follows it;

3) DOUBLE, when the two adjacent sounds influence each other, e.g. twice /t/ is rounded under the influence of /w/ and /w/ is partly devoiced under (he influence of the voiceless /t/.

INFLUENCE of A.:

l) Work of the vocal cords is observed when one of the two adjacent соседний consonants; becomes voiced under the influence of the neighbouring voiced consonant, or voiceless — under the influ­ence of the neighbouring voiceless consonant. In the process of speech the sonorants /m, n, 1, r; j, w/ are partly devoiced before a vowel, preceded by the voiceless consonant phonemes /s, p, t, k/, e. g. plate, slowly, twice, 2 ) The manner of noise production in cas­es of a) lateral plosion and b) loss of plosion or incomplete plosion. The lateral plosion takes place, when a plosive is followed by /1/. In this case the closure for the plosive is not released till the off-glide for the second [l]. Incomplete plosion takes place in the clusters a) of two similar plosives like /pp,pb, tt, td, kk, kg/, or b) of two plosives with different points of articulation like:/kt/,/dg/, /db/, /tb/.

3) The place of articulation and the manner of noise production when the plosive, alveolar /t l is followed by the post-alveolar /r/. For example, in the word trip alveolar 1t1 be­comes post-alveolar and has a fricative release.

1) The lips. In the production of Russian vowels the lips are consid­erably protruded and rounded: /о, у/. In the articulation of the similar English vow protrusion does not take place.

2) The bulk of the tongue. In the articulation of the English vowels the bulk of the tongue occupies more positions than in the production of the Russian vowels. When the the tongue moves in the horizontal direction it may occupy a fully front and a front-retracted, a fully back and a back-advanced position. Each of the three vertical positions of the tongue (high, mid, low) in Eng is subdivided into a narrow and broad variety. Rus vow are classified accord­ing to the vertical movement of the tongue they may be divided into: high — /и, ы, у/, mid — /э, о/ and low — /a/. According to the horizontal movement of the tongue Rus vowels may be subdivided into: front — /и, э/, central — /ы, a/ and back — /o, y/.

3) The principle of the degree of tenseness in vowel classification is connected with the unchecked and checked character of the vowels.

4) The length of the vowels. Long vowels in English are considered to be tense. There are no long vowels which can be opposed to short vowels in the Russian language.

5) The stability of articulation. There are monophthongs and diphthongoids in the Russian vowel system, but there are no diphthongs.

6) There are 6 vowel phonemes in Russian and 20 in English.

ENG VOWELS WHICH HAVE NO COUNTERPARTS IN RUS:

1) long and short vowels /i: — i/, /o: — o/, /u: — u/, /з:- з /, /a:— /\/;

2) slightly rounded, but not protruded vowels /u:, o:/;

3) vowels articulated with the "flat" position of the lips /i:, i, e, ei/;

4) very low vowels, such as /æ, o, a:/;

5) front-retracted /i/and back-advanced /u, a:/;

6) central or mixed /з- з:/;

7) checked and free vowels /siti/ /'m/\ni/ Russian сити, мани;

8) diphthongs /ei, ai, oi, iз, аu, ou, εэ, uэ/.

MISTAKES:

1) they do not observe the quantitative character of the long vowels;

2) do not observe the qualitative difference in the articulation of such vowels as /i: — i/, /u: — u/, /o:- o /,

3) replace the E vowels /i:, о, u, æ, / by the Rus vowels / и, о, у, а, э/;

4) pronounce /i:, i, e, ei/ without the "flat position" of the lips;

5) soften consonants which precede front vowels

6) articulate /o, о:, u, u:, эu/ with the lips too much rounded protruded;

7) make the sounds /æ, o/ more narrow similarly to the Russian /э, о/;

8) make both elements of the diphthongs equally distinct;

9) pronounce initial vowels with a glottal stop.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31