Classification of intonation patterns

CHECK YOURSELF

Questions and tasks:

1. What pitch levels are generally distinguished?

2. What is a pitch range? What pitch ranges are called normal,
wide, narrow?

3. Enumerate and define the pitch-and-stress sections of an into-­
nation pattern.

Different combinations of pitch sections (pre-heads, heads and nuclei) may result in more than one hundred pitch-and-stress patterns. But it is not necessary to deal with all of them because some patterns occur very rarely, so attention must be concentrated on the commonest ones.

As the nucleus is the most important pitch section on which the whole pitch pattern centres, we grouped all the sections (pre-heads, heads, and tails) into eight pitch-and-stress groups ac­cording the eight nuclear tones:

I. The Low (Medium) Fall pitch-and-stress group.

II. The High Fall group.

III. The Rise-Fall group.

IV. The Low Rise group.

V. The High Rise group.

VI. The Fall-Rise group.

VII. The Rise-Fall-Rise group.

VIII.The Mid-Level group.

All the patterns of each group have one pitch section in common — the nuclear tone. So they all convey the most general meaning expressed by the nucleus itself, and different pitch sections (pre-heads or heads) either add some additional attitudinal meanings to the patterns or intensify them.

Each group, however, contains patterns that are commonly used and those which are rather occasional. So pat­terns that occur frequently and with a much wider usefulness than others are grouped into 'Common Usage' subgroup and patterns that occur rather rarely into 'Occasional Usage' subgroup. Since the Rise-Fall and the Rise-Fall-Rise are not so commonly used as the other nuclear tones, all the patterns of these two groups (Groups Three and Seven) are treated as occasional. The other six groups include both common and occasional usage.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31