Основные тексты

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

VERBS

NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

VERBS

1. arrange	располагать, приводить в порядок
2. attract	привлекать
*attract аttention	привлекать внимание
3. be equipped with	быть оборудованным чем-то
4. cause	вызывать
5. consider	считать, полагать, рассматривать
6. provide against	принимать меры против чего-либо
7. realize	понимать ясно, осознавать
8. relate to	относиться, иметь отношение

1. actually	фактически, на самом деле
2. immediately	немедленно
3. periodically	периодически
4. valuable	ценный

Active Vocabulary (Text B5)

1. achievement	достижение
2. apparatus	прибор, аппарат, инструмент
3. application	применение
4. community	общество, сообщество
5. design	проектирование, конструирование, разработка
6. estimating	оценивание, расчет
7. installation	установка
8. processing	переработка
9. purchasing	покупка, закупка
10.significance	значимость, важность
11.staff	штат, персонал
12.storage	хранение
13.support	обеспечение
*technical support	техническое обеспечение
14.training	подготовка

1. conduct	вести, проводить
2. deals with	иметь дело с
3. emphasize	придавать значение, подчеркивать, акцентировать
4. employ	нанимать, брать на работу
5. equip	оборудовать
6. focus	сосредотачивать, обращать внимание
7. guide	руководить, ориентировать
8. improve	улучшать
9. intensify	усиливать, укреплять

1. advanced	современный, передовой
2. closely	близко, тесно, вплотную
3. computer-aided	компьютеризированный, компьютерный, с помощью ЭВМ
4. highly skilled	высоко квалифицированный
5. independent	независимый
6. inter-linked	с внутренними каналами связи
7. responsible	ответственный

TEXT A: THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION

(ознакомительное чтение)

Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the skills of engineering our present day civilization never could have evolved. The first tool-makers who chipped arrows and spears from rock were the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers. The craftsmen who discovered metals in the earth and found the ways to use them were the ancestors of mining and metallurgical engineers. And the skilled technicians who erected buildings of the ancient world were the civil engineers of their time.

Almost everything we use in modern life is made by engineers. For example, if a manufacturer wants a faster car, a smaller personal stereo, or a better pen, he will ask a design engineer to find a practical solution.

Engineers use theory (ideas about engineering) to produce practical answers. The design solution must be a reasonable price, safe and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn’t always work is not a good solution.

Generally, engineers solve problems in a methodical way. Engineers:

· define a problem,

· design a solution,

· test the solution,

· evaluate the solution.

If the solution isn’t right, the process is repeated. When a good solution is found, the next step is to:

· communicate the solution.

Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. There are a lot of different types of engineering. The one thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing. The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas:

· civil engineering (building, roads, etc.);

· mechanical engineering (machines, including tool-making);

· electrical engineering (electricity, lighting, etc.).

Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and designing a computer system. When you have decided which area you are interested in and thought realistically what sort of person you are, then you can decide what sort of engineer you want to be.

TEXT B 1: «MY FUTURE PROFESSION: A MECHANICAL ENGINEER»

(изучающее чтение)

There are hundreds of professions to choose from. It’s a very difficult and important choice. That’s why such things should be thought of in good time and we must take into account many factors. First, we must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. Secondly, we must think of the requirements of our society and people’s need in one profession or another.

My future specialty is connected with agriculture. I didn’t make a blind choice. It was my father who aroused my interest in that field. He is an engineer. I also got interested in the matter and entered The Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University.

I’m a first year student. I study at the agromechanical department. Our department is the oldest department of the University. At present the department trains mechanical engineers. My future specialty is a mechanical engineer. Today’s farming is highly developed. Many agricultural processes are mechanized and the most modern farm machinery may be used now.

Farm equipment mechanics make sure that farm machinery operates correctly. They maintain, repair and install machines used for planting, harvesting and other farm activities. They check equipment, clean parts and tune engines. This helps to ensure that farm equipment will be working correctly when it is needed. When a piece of farm equipment is not working correctly, mechanics must figure out what is wrong. They use testing equipment to find out where in the engine the problem is. They watch the engine while it is running to find any loose parts or leeks. When the problem is found, farm equipment mechanics replace the worn and broken parts.

The students of our department are specializing in technical support of farm production processes, farm machinery design and production.

They study the following specialized subjects: “Tractors and vehicles”, “Agronomy”, “Technology and mechanization of livestock production”, “Engineering mechanics”. Students are taught high technologies of plant growing and livestock production, design of agricultural and mobile power devices.

Specialists are trained to work at agricultural enterprises of different forms of property: industrial enterprises, processing plants, in project-design, scientific research commercial organizations and educational establishments.

During the process of studying the students have an opportunity to get professions of a driver, a tractor-driver, farm equipment metal worker.

I shall try to do my best to become quite knowledgeable in the field of agriculture.

My purpose today is to acquire enough knowledge to be a well-educated person in order to meet the future needs of the nation.

TEXT B2: «MY FUTURE PROFESSION: А FARM MACHINERY MAINTENANCE ENGINEER»

(изучающее чтение)

There are hundreds of professions to choose from. It’s a very difficult and important choice. That’s why such things should be thought of in good time and we must take into account many factors. First, we must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. Secondly, we must think of the requirements of our society and people’s need in one profession or another.

My future specialty is connected with agriculture. I didn’t make a blind choice. It was my father who aroused my interest in that field. He is an engineer. I also got interested in the matter and entered The Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University.

I’m a first year student. I study at the farm machinery service department. Our department is rather young. It was founded in January of 2000. At present the department trains farm machinery maintenance engineers and engineer-managers for the agro-industrial complex. My future specialty is an engineer. Today’s farming is highly developed. Many agricultural processes are mechanizedand the most modern farm machinery may be used now. The effective use of farm machinery is considerably dependent on the quality of maintenance and repair. It is impossible to keep machines available by repairs performed only when required. Otherwise the dead periods of machines during intensive field work may be too long. To ensure highly productive work a system of scheduled preventive maintenance and repair is established for farm machinery. Maintenance rounds include the following operations: disassembly, washing, troubleshooting and restoration of parts, assembly adjustment, run in and painting.

The students of our department are specializing in technologies and maintenance facilities; diagnostics and farm machinery repair; machinery, instruments and equipment of technical service enterprises; ecologically safe and resource-saving technologies.

The students of our department study the following specialized subjects: “Tractors and cars”, “Machinery and equipment in plant-growing”, “Machinery and equipment in livestock breeding”, “Reliability of technical systems”, “Agricultural engineering technologies”, “Diagnostic and technical service of machinery”, “Technical service organization”, “Design and development of technical service enterprises”, “Technical service economics”and others.

Specialists are trained to work at agricultural organizations and enterprises of different forms or property: at farm machinery maintenance enterprises, at service workshops and plants engaged in technical maintenance of farm machinery, technical centers of manufacturing plants, repair services of processing plants, in project-design, scientific research commercial organizations and educational establishments.

During the process of studying the students have an opportunity to get working professions of a driver, a tractor-driver, farm equipment metal worker, a specialist of radiometric and dosimetry control.

I shall try to do my best to become quite knowledgeable in the field of agriculture.

My purpose of today is to acquire enough knowledge to be a well-educated person in order to meet the future needs of the nation.

TEXT B3: «MY FUTURE PROFESSION: AN ENGINEER-MANAGER»

(изучающее чтение)

Choosing a career, like any other activity, it is best to work to a plan. Having thought carefully what sort of person you are, try to work out a realistic set of occupational requirements.

In particular, you can answer important questions. What sort of life do you want to lead? Do you want to live in the country or in the town? Is the size of your salary important? Do you want to put down roots or travel widely? Do you want to be an organizer of other people’s activities?

As for me, I made up my mind to be an engineer. As my parents are engineers, they have made a great influence on my choice. My choice of this occupation didn’t come as a sudden flash. I think that nowadays this profession is of great need and importance to our country.

Now I am a first-year student of the Belarusian State Agrarian and Technical University. I study at the farm machinery service department. The department trains farm machinery maintenance engineers, engineer-managers for the agro-industrial complex.

My future specialty is an engineer-manager. The students of our department are specializing in management processes of organization and logistical support planning for enterprises in the agro-industrial complex; service, commercial and purchase processes.

The students of our department study the following special subjects: “Tractors and cars”, “Machinery and equipment in plant-growing”, ”Machinery and equipment in livestock breeding”, “Technical Service Organization”, “Bookkeeping”, “Logistics”, “Management”, “Tax system”, “Finance”, “Information technologies” and others.

Our specialists are trained to work in the system of logistical support for enterprises in the agro-industrial complex, in wholesale and retail trade of agricultural equipment, in agricultural production management establishments, in consulting centers on management and marketing of agricultural machinery; in technical service enterprises.

Graduates are expected to be dependable specialists with excellent ideas to create new business sectors of agriculture. My aim is to be a qualified specialist and to serve the interests of my country. A well-prepared engineer should have some important qualities: great capability persistence, knowledge of science and, of course, knowledge of foreign languages.

TEXT B 4: «MY FUTURE PROFESSION: A LABOR PROTECTION ENGINEER»

(изучающее чтение)

It’s quite natural that before you take the final decision on what you want to do in future, you must consider the possibilities you have and your fitness for this or that job. Some people choose their future professions under the influence of their parents or friends, whose advice they find helpful and valuable. Actually it’s not a pleasant thing to stay all your life in the job, which you don’t like. I made my choice when I was in my last year at school. I decided to become an engineer. It’s not by chance that I entered the Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University. I didn’t hesitate about the choice of my future specialty of an engineer. A new specialty ”labor protection engineer” attracted my attention. I immediately realized that it was my “cup of tea”. Now I am a first year student. I study at the engineering and technological department. The department trains labor protection engineers, engineering technologists for the agro-industrial complex.

Labor safety is a very important problem in agricultural production. All organizations and individuals related to labor and production must observe legislation on labor safety, labor sanitation and environment protection. The labor user must periodically control and repair the machines, equipment, building structures and storage according to the norms of labor safety and labor sanitation.

The working places, the emplacement of machines and equipment, the places likely to cause danger or noxious effects in the business must be arranged to provide against accidents and equipped with signs and signals on labor safety put up at open places where they can be easily seen and read.

Efficiency in safety is determined on the basis of regular monitoring in the following categories: injuries, equipment compatibility, work environment, personal protective equipment, fire protection.

The students of our department are specializing in all kinds of machinery used in the agro-industrial complex, working places, organization and management structures on production safety support, means of collective and individual protection from harmful and dangerous factors of manufacturing environment.

Alongside with studying of social humanities, scientific and professional subjects the students of our department study the following disciplines: “Man’s physiology”, “Medical and biological basis of vital functions safety”, “Ecology”, “Protection of population and enterprises in emergency situations”, “Production sanitation and occupational hygiene in agriculture” and others.

Specialists are trained to work in labor protection services at enterprises and in organizations of the agro-industrial complex as labor protection engineers.

TEXT B5: «MY FUTURE PROFESSION: AN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST

(изучающее чтение)

In the conditions of the scientific and technological progress the significance of engineers is increasing. Engineers have an important part to play in intensifying the national economy. In their work engineers are guided by the latest achievements in science and technology. A modern engineer must have good knowledge of physics and mathematics, chemistry, computers, computer-aided design, management science, foreign languages, etc.

I study at the engineering and technological department. The students of our department are specializing in technical support of crop and livestock production storage and processing, technological processes at agricultural enterprises. My future profession is an engineering technologist.

Engineering is a complex consisting of inter-linked industries. Engineering technologists work closely with engineers in coordinating people, material, and machinery. The engineering technologist is often responsible for design and development. Technologists are employed in a large and wide array of industries, including manufacturing, construction, industrial, maintenance, and management. Such positions as product design, testing, development, systems development, field engineering, technical operations, and quality control are all common positions for engineering technology graduates.

In general, the work of engineering technologists focuses on the practical application of engineering principles, whereas the work of engineers emphasizes the theoretical aspects of mathematical, scientific and engineering principles.

The students of our department are taught by a highly qualified staff of professors and teachers. Our practical training and laboratory work are done in the laboratories equipped with modern installations, apparatuses and devices. Theoretical training is combined with scientific work at the scientific centers and students’ design bureaus. As a rule, students write their term papers and graduation theses on the problems connected with their scientific work. They operate experimental and industrial installations, conduct research work, read scientific literature, which deals with their specialty. University teaching is also combined with practical training at the advanced enterprises. All these help to turn a student into a highly skilled engineer, ready for independent work.

Engineering technologists work in a variety of careers in both public and private sectors including design, marketing, sales, estimating, research and development, production control, purchasing, operations and production, testing, quality management, maintenance, customer and field service, project management, instruction and teaching. They are well-respected and valued members of society who improve the quality of life for all who live in our communities.

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