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Which of the given examples illustrate (a) high, mid, open and (b) front, mixed, back oppositions?
What classificatory principle of vowels can be illustrated by the contrastive pairs given below? bid - beard dead - dared pod - poured pooh - poor ass - ice manner - minor too - tour ate - eight letter - later at - out ladder - lower mass - mouse
bead - bad - bad cab - curb - cub bad - bird - bud deed - dead - dad tan - turn - ton hat - hurt - hut
9. Arrange these words into minimal distinctive pairs: сart, wart, Boz, caught, don, what, bars, cod, card, down, cot, cord.
10. Read the pairs of words below, characterize subsidiary variants of vowel phonemes due to adaptation:
11. Read the examples below, observe the elision of / t, d /:
12. Read the words below. Single out the vowels that may be elided in these words: nursery petitioner policeman difficult banana boundary several suppose history perhaps temporary phonetically potato preference secretary Edinburgh especially carefully possibly suffering reasonable parliament buffalo government bachelor naturally awfully comfortable machine interesting
13. Read the words below. Single out the consonants that may be elided in these words: handbag postman a sixth round last Saturday next time humpty-dumpty attempt empty night time crumbs landscape sanctuary next stop lamb punctual
14. Arrange these words under the headings: (1) lateral plosion, (2) nasal plosion, (3) loss of plosion (two plosionless stops): actor curdled muddle needless mottled Britain begged oughtn’t at last what kind admit back to back madness witness big books partner slept cotton great number sudden captain top coat red light black goat ripe cheese huddle at night good looks
15. Explain how accommodation affects the place of articulation in the vowels: /ta: - ka:, ki: - ka:, ku:l - ki:n, jes - pju:t, i:l - ki:p/
SEMINAR 4. English Syllabification. Accentual Structure of English Words Points for discussion:
1. The definition of the syllable. 2. Different approaches to the syllable. Syllable formation. 3. Types of the syllable. 4. Phonotactics. 5. Rules of syllable division. 6. Function of the syllable. 7. The definition of word accent. 8. The nature of word stress. 9. The principles of word stress. 10. The placement of word stress. 11. Degrees of word accent. 12. English word accentuation tendencies. 13. Stress in compound words. 14. Functional aspect of word stress. 15. Word-, phrase-, and sentence-stress.
Literature: 1. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студ. вузов по спец. «Филология»: – 2-е изд. / М.А.Соколова, К.П.Гинтовт, И.С.Тихонова и др. – М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС. – 1996. – С. 112-120, 121-134. 2. Бурая Е.А., Галочкина И.Е., Шевченко Т.И. Фонетика современного английского языка: Теоретический курс. – М., 2006. – С. 103-132.
Exercises: 1. Read the sentences below to prove the distinctive function of the stress. Translate them into Russian:
2. Provide these words with necessary stress marks: аr-raid, birdcage, coalmine, teapot, washstand, mail-bag, dance-music, grandfather, handwriting, shopkeeper, ladybird, office-boy, waiting-room, dinner- jacket, tape recorder, labour exchange, ground floor, knee-deep, cross-question, flat-footed, shop-window, hot-water-bottle, waste-paper-basket, post-graduate, vice-chancellor, second-hand.
3. Transcribe the words and put down stress marks in these verbs and nouns. Translate them:
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