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National system of education includes Preschool education, General secondary education / Special secondary education / Vocational education, Higher education, Postgraduate education.

Preschool establishments in Belarus are day nurseries, kindergartens, pre-primary schools, children’s institutions of family type, sanatorium type, with profound aesthetic and physical development, for children with specific features of physical and psychic development, etc.

The system of general secondary education involves: primary, basic and secondary school. Most children start going to school at 6. At primary school they learn to write, read, count; get fundamental knowledge of nature, society and man; learn principles of personal hygiene and healthy life style. Basic and secondary school provides general subjects, physical training and labour education. There is a 10-grade knowledge evaluation system. The languages of instruction are Russian and Belarusian.

There are about 2,800 general secondary schools, gymnasiums, lyceums in Belarus. Free general secondary, special secondary and vocational education is guaranteed by the state. After final examinations school leavers get certificates of basic or secondary education.

Vocational education establishments are involved in qualified labour training. They are more than 240 vocational schools, colleges, and vocational lyceums with more than 300 specialities.

Belarus’ system of higher education comprises 57 state and private universities, academies, institutes, and higher colleges. These institutions offer day, night and extra-mural programs. Universities and academies offer graduate and post-graduate programs and are engaged in fundamental research.

Belarusian higher educational institutions traditionally confer the degree of Certified Specialist. It usually requires five years of training, success in final state examinations, and defense of a degree work (diploma). There are also other degrees – Master, Candidate of Sciences and Doctor of Sciences.

Applicants are to have completed secondary education. Most entrance examinations are held in the form of centralized testing (CT). The compulsory subjects are Belarusian or Russian and special subjects are foreign languages, history of Belarus, geography, physics, mathematics and some others. The applicants who score highest are admitted to free studies and get monthly scholarship. Students who passed the exams but failed the competition pay tuition fees. The course of study lasts or five years. The academic year begins on the 1^st of September and has 2 semesters (terms). After the course of study students take a state profile exam and/or defend a diploma. Students who graduate with honours are awarded a so-called “red certificate”.

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