Ex. 2 Learn the rhyme

Ex. 1 Read the riddles. Try to guess the right answer. Transcribe the underlined words, explain the rules.

NB

Reading of Unstressed Vowels

Vowels in unstressed syllables in disyllabic and polysyllabic words usually denote the neutral sound [ə] and short [ı].

1. The letters ‘ e ’, ‘ i ’, ‘ y ’ denote the sound [ı]: rock e t, band i t, funn y.

2. The letters ‘ a ’, ‘ o ’, ‘ u ’ denote the sound [ə]: Pol a nd, bott o m, cact u s.

BUT - a ge [ı] (message), - a te [ə/ı] (delicate), - i ble [ı/ə] (terrible).

3. The letter combinations ‘ vowel + the letter ‘r ” give the neutral [ə]: doll ar, dinn er, doct or, nat ur e.

4. In the letter combination ‘ vowel + vowel + consonant’ (-ial, -ion, -our, -ous etc.) we pronounce the neutral [ə]: init ial, divis ion, lab our, gener ous.

5. In the letter combinations ‘ vowel + consonant + consonant (+ consonant/vowel) ’ (-able, -ance, -ent etc.) we pronounce [ə]: cap able, attend ance, stud ent.

6. In the letter combinations ‘ consonant + vowel + consonant (+ vowel) ’ we can pronounce:

a) the neutral [ə]: free dom;

b) the neutral [ə] or short [ı]: care less;

c) the neutral [ə] or short [υ]: aw ful.

7. The letters ‘ o ’ and ‘ u ’ in an open syllable and a closed one with the mute ‘e’ after the stressed syllable have their primary long meanings: samb o [əυ], cost u me [ju:].

• the ending -es of plural forms of nouns and of the 3^rd singular present indefinite of verbs forms the separate syllable [ız] after [s], [z], [∫], [t∫]: di sh es, wa sh es, bo x es.

• the ending -ed of regular forms of verbs forms the separate syllable [ıd] after [t], [d]: expec t ed, inten d ed.

1) A man looks at the photo and says: “Brothers and sisters I have none, but this man’s father is my father’s son.” What relation is the man in the photograph to the man who is looking at it?

2) There is a question to which you never answer “yes”. What question is it?

3) What is it that looks like a ball,

But stands still and does not fall

off its thin and graceful leg?

Children like to turn it round,

Lakes and rivers are there found.

Countries, states and their towns

You can see on it all round.

The Time-table of Lazy-bones Grundy.

Lazy-bones Grundy

Must do sums for Monday.

“And today it is Thursday”,

Says lazy-bones Grundy,

“So I’ll do it on Wednesday,

If not – then on Thursday,

Or even on Friday”,

Says lazy-bones Grundy.

Not very soon comes Friday

And Saturday comes,

But lazy-bones Grundy

Has no time for sums.

“Never mind”, says Grundy,

“I’ll do it on Sunday.”

So this time-table

Of lazy-bones Grundy.

Ex. 3 Transcribe the following words and divide them into three columns: [ju:], [əυ], [ə]

Tribune, monotony, statue, samba, cactus, attribute, customs, gratitude, ambulance, monogram, common, also, tempo, recognize.

Ex.4 Pay attention to the full quality of the unstressed vowels and explain the rule:

a) mambo, canto, tempo, dingo, banjo, fresco, motto, tango, salvo, stucco, Plato, photo, solo, memo, credo, veto, Pluto, silo;

b) commune, costume, capsule, formula, circular, occupant.

Ex.5 Compare the reading of the vowels in stressed and unstressed position. Read the following words:

land – Holland land – Poland land – Iceland

Man – Frenchman Man – Dutchman Man – Scotchman

Us – cactus Bus – campus Tom – bottom Sum – possum Rack – barrack Lot – ballot Bad – ballad Mock – hammock Lock – hillock

Ex.6 Transcribe the following words, identify the type of reduction:

navy - gravy lazy – crazy

ivy - spicy stylish – tidy

Swedish - prefix Edith – edict

unit - stupid Cupid – lucid

nosy – cosy

Ex.7 Pronounce the following words and comment on the reading of unstressed vowels:

Error, terror, horror, chirrup, barrack, mirror;

Ballot, gallop, cactus, census;

Grammar, beggar, collar, cellar, dollar, poplar;

Volga, delta, extra, villa, Sylva, Edna, character, manager;

Baggage, bandage, courage, garbage, message, accurate, adequate, affectionate, approximate, delicate;

Amber, banner, summer, supper, dinner, number, member, butter, pepper, shelter, winter;

Academy, generous, achievement, ailment, golden, deepen, different, patience, fluency, bravery;

Positive, possible, ineligible, invisibility;

Doctor, proctor, tractor, factor, actor.

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