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Практикум по правилам чтения

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Издательство Тюменского государственного университета

625000, Тюмень, Семакова, 10

для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I

Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005

Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В. Практикум по правилам чтения для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I. Тюмень: Издательство ТюмГУ, 2005.

Данный практикум предназначен для начального этапа изучения английского языка и его цель – овладение навыками чтения и их систематизация. Правила чтения каждой буквы и всех буквосочетаний представлены в многочисленных таблицах. Для отработки произносительных навыков предлагаются также упражнения, тестовые задания и тексты.

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов.

Рецензенты: Латфуллина И. Д., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов;

Мастерских С. В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарных факультетов.

© Тюменский государственный университет, 2005.

© Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В.

PRE-UNIT

The A B C

A a[ eI ] B b[ bI: ] C c[ sI: ] D d[ dI: ] E e[ I: ] F f[ ef ] G g[ GI: ] H h[ eIC ] I i[ QI ] J j[ GeI ] K k[ keI ] L l [ el ] M m [ em ]

N n[en] O o[ Oυ ] P p [ pI: ] Q q [ kjυ: ] R r [ Q: ] S s [ es ] T t[ tI: ] U u[ jυ: ] V v [ VI: ] W w [ 'dAbl 'jυ: ] X x[ eks ] Y y[ ωQI ] Z z[ zed ]

Таблица чтения гласных

закрытый слог	открытый слог	Гласные буквы	гласная + r	гласная + r + гласная
[ x ] bag	[ eI ] may, make	A a	[ Q: ] car	[ eq ] care
[ e ] pen	[ I: ] bee, Pete	E e	[ q: ] her	[ Iq ] here
[ O ] not	[ Oυ ] no, rose	O o	[ O: ] north	[ O: ] more
[ A ] but	[ jυ: ] due, cube	U u	[ q: ] turn	[ jυq ] cure
[ I ] little, gym	[ QI ] time, cry	I, Y	[ q: ] bird, myrtle	[ QIq ] wire, tyre

1. открытый слог [ eI ] A a-закрытый слог [ x ]	blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate   sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van
2. открытый слог [ I: ] E e- закрытый слог [ e ]	eve, me, mete, Pete, bee   net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step
3. открытый слог [ Oυ ] O o- закрытый слог [ O ]	so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft
4. [ s ] перед e, i, y C c- [ k ] перед a, o, u; в конце слова	c e ntre, spac e, 'sentenc e, c e nt   c a n, c a se, c o r'rect, c o ne, c at
5. [G] передe, i, y   G g - [g ] во всех остальных случаях	But: g e t [ gеt ], g i ve [ gIV ], g ir l [ gq:l ]   g a le, g o d, grim, 'g o ssip, glad, g a s, g o t pag e, g y m, 'g y psy, 'g e ntle
1 а) tram bag pan tramp pram mass grand ram drag lass	b) date late plate state skate	fate made trade wade safe
c) graze – braze – craze maze – mane – dame ale – sale – make ape – tape – plate ace – cape – crape late – tale – trade save – sale – same	d) pan – pane flat – late can – cane bat – bate Sam – same hat – hate tram – tame glad – glade man – mane mat – mate rat – rate lamp – lane tap – tape fat – flake

Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp.

2 a) trek pen Nell b) met – mete fence – Eve

stress press leg pet – Pete mend – Mede

mess left keg bed – be met - mete

hem dress peg bell – grebe zed – zebu

lest stem egg wed – Swede melt – bede

beg spell desk cent – grebe

c) pen – pan men – man ten – tan

bed – bad leg – lag beg – bag

end – and lend – land deb – damp

met – mat bed – bat fet – fat

d) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane

bad – bed – bade dam – den – dam cab – ken – cane

flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane

3 a) home – Rome prone – strove spoke – coke

bone – cone tone – prone broke – stoke

no – stone robe – rope dome – nose

strove – grove probe – grope home – rose

code – vote lode – note tone – close

smoke – woke lobe – lope pole – vote

b) trod pond prod prop smog

moss grog loss drop dot

lost stop bog spot loss

c) boss – broke cross – loss hop – hope blob – lobe

not – note stoke – coke mop – mope nod – node

mock – smoke rod – rode cod – code pop – pope

d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Don’t go slow. Don’t go slowly, Joe. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there’s no snow on the road.

4 a) can act correct camp clap

cat fact cost club crop

b) cent space trace cist place

ace nice ice cell pencil

face price 'pencil cyst

c) cist – cyst cab – cad – cam since – fence

cell – Celt can – camp – cap mince – pence

cell – cent cob – cod – con since – mince

clog – crop – cop fence – pence

cum – scum – cut hence – trace

5 a) gem – gym b) gap – gas – gad

gest – gist got – god – gob

gig – gyp golf – glad – grab

gin – gim grog – gloss – goblin

age – rage

page – strange

gentle – range c) bad – lag – hag – brag – crag

'gypsy [ 'GIpsI ] beg – leg – keg – clog – peg

big – pig – brig – Greg – big

bog – log – hog – fog – flog

Test yourself: 'sentence, gym, 'gypsy, gig, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, mince, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, ice, price, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, table, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, tip, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, side, nice.

6.Y y - [ j ] в начале слова	yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke
7. открытый слог [ QI ] I, Y- закрытый слог [ I ]	by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system
8. открытый слог [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] после r, l, j закрытый слог [ A ]	cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But:busy [ bIzI ]
9.ck - [ k ]	lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck

6 a) yes – yet bell – yell

you – yoke elm – yelp

yam – yak end – yes

7 a) it – did nip – nib trip – big

bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin

it – lid strip – trim miss – print

kit – kid pin – bin him – grip

prim – brim prill – brill list – still

b) by style tyke fly – sly

my dyke type fry – pry

cry syce Tyke my – dry

c) file – tile mile – pile rid – ride tie – die

fine – dine lime – crime grid – bride bye – dye

pipe – ripe gripe – stripe scrip – scribe lie – pie

ride – side bride – pride mince – mine lye – rye

drive – wife strive – wife wince – wine

8 a) use – fuse – cute brume – Rome mule – mole

mute – fume – Hume rule – role Hume – home

muse – cube – tube prune – prone fume – bone

huge – mule –due tune – tone huge – cola

b) ruse – Bruce plume – flute price – spruce

rune – prune flute – fluke rise – ruse

Hume – brume fluke – plume scribe – cube

prude – brute fly – flute rice – truce

rude – crude ply – plume 'useful – re'fuse

due – huge fly – rude pro'duce – oppor'tunity

dry – dune

c) cub – cube tub – tube fuss – fuse huge – cute

us – use hug – huge tune – truce tune – mule

cut – cute luck – Luke dune – spruce rug – glue

rud – rude nut – true suck – stuck duck – duke

run – rune rut – dug struck – cut brush – Brume

plum – plume bus – blue sum – mule luck – fluke

rub – rule rub – rude 'under – use dull – duke

d) dis'cuss, 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'less, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day

a) pack – stack – slack Nick – stick – click deck – neck – reck duck – stuck – struck lock – clock – block

b) click – fleck – clock – cluck – clack dick – deck – dock – duck – back sick – neck – sock – suck – sack lick – lock – luck – lack – luke

Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, size, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, side, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, is, did, nine, type, life, hug, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, rise, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, cross, deck, run, plus, big, tube, study, sum, tube, cone, dress, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry.

10. [ υ: ] перед m, l, n oo- [ υ ]	fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot
11. j dge- [ G ]	just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig badge, lodge, bridge
12. sh- [ S]	she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship
13. ch в словах англ. происхождения - [ C ] tch	chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, crutch, chop, chess, match

10 a) bug – book b) good – hook

hug – hook stood – took

tug – took foot – book

nut – nook wood – look

lug – look cook – wool

c) loo – too – zoo – woo d) poodle

loom – toon – zoom – swoon noodle

loop – stoop – swoop toodle

sloop – coop – troop – snoop tat'too – sa'loon

hoot – loot – root – moot bal'loon – ba'boon

11 a) gap – jab gut – jut got – jot jib – gin

gust – just gum – jam gog – jog jest – gest

gag – Jack gosh – Josh god – Jo just – gist jam – gem jin – gin

b) jest – yes jazz – yam

jet – yet Jack – yak

jam – yam Jam – yell

c) dog – dodge leg – fledge bad – badge

log – lodge hog – hedge odd – dodge

bag – badge brig – bridge bud – budge

plug – plunge egg – edge fled – fledge

fringe – hinge lunge – plunge led – ledge

12 a) shop – shot b) ash – dash – rash – cash

shell – shelf mesh – dish – fresh – fish

shall – sham smash – splash – crash – trash

shock – shod rush – hush – flush – crush

chat – shunt shut – shim – shrill – shrimp

13 a) chess chest check b) hatch – latch – match – much

chap chat champ fetch – drench – crutch – snatch

chin chill chip itch – hitch – pitch – rich – scratch

chop chuck chat

c) chip – ship cash – catch d) back – batch – badge

chop – shop crush – Dutch block – blotch – lodge

crutch – grudge etch – edge deck – etch – edge

fetch – fledge inch – fringe luck – lunch – plunge

blotch – lodge check – change lick – lynch – hinge

[ 'CeInG ]

e) Madge – age

badge – page

cadge – cage

cadge – sage

Test yourself: fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, bridge, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, loose, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, June, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, sock, log, swoon, jab, loom.

UNIT 4

14.ee - [ I: ] ea	see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean
15. ai - [ eI ] ay	pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain
16.e, i, y-[ I ] в безударном положении	'stud y, 'nois y, 'lobb y, 'pon y, 'sorr y, 'lorr y, 'dut y, b e 'gin, d i 'vide
17. [ T ] th- [ D ]	theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father
18. o в безуд. полож. a - [ q] u	'sof a, 'comm a, 'husb a nd, p a 'rade   a 'gain, a 'go, t o 'day, u p'on

14 a) fee – tree keep – been – seen

feel – green speech – keen – green

sheet – sheep feed – need – sleeve

freeze – meet see – sweep – feet

bee – see need – deep – sleep

b) fee – feel c) eat – meat mete – meat – meet

glee – green tea – sea seam – seem – weak

lee – sleep pea – beam scene – scream – screen

bee – been heat – neat eat – pea – clean

see – seen tree – meat sea – seat – cheap

deep – keen east – deal deal – each – seat

d) week – weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,

see – sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,

meet – meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap

speech – speak

reed – read

seem – seam

screen – scream

f) lead – lid bean – bin g) feel – fill green – grin

leap – lip eat – it beet – bit heed – hid

least – list reach – rich week – wick sleet – slit

meal – mill seat – sit cheek – chick been – bit

peach – pitch heat – hit sleep – slip fleet – fit

beat – bit peak – pick seek – sick sweet – wit

each – itch read – rid deed – did feel – fit

Read: The art of Biography

Is different from Geography.

Geography is about maps,

Biography is about chaps.

15 say sail stay stain main

day drain tray tail train

pay pail play plain gait

way wail may Spain lay

16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry – 'tarry 'merry – 'Perry

'lady 'lorry 'marry – 'parry 'cherry – 'sherry

'very 'crazy 'sorry – 'sherry fatty – jolly

'lobby 'finally 'ferry – 'cherry dandy – fancy

'berry happy

c) em'bed d) 'marry e) in'scribe

re'cede 'very in'blame

de'stroy 'baby dis'close

re'ply 'lady dis'cover

de'fy 'story dis'cuss

de'ny 'vary 'public

f) Be'gin to read.

Ex'plain it.

Re'peat it, please.

Re'peat it again.

'Try it again. The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.

17 a) thin thick theft thrift b) with

width thump throb thin thus

thrill thrum thrill thud them

myth depth smith thug this

math tenth thug thrust that

thump theft depth myth then

kith filth smith cloth than

c) this – myth that – math with – filth

this – pith that – depth with – smith

this – throb that – thrill with – thrill

d) sick – thick zip – this

sin – thin zed – then

silk – thrill Zen – then

mat – math dad – that

tilt – filth dust – thus

kit – kith disk – this

tent – tenth den – then

18 a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess

a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra

to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary

a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital

b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club

Test yourself: zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, tease, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, breath, em'bed, past, flask, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, vast, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, agree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep'ly, gain, then, sixth, with, com'pose, bath, bathe.

19. [ ks ] x- [ gz ] перед ударной гласной	next, text, sex, vex, box, ex'cept, ex'pect, 'excellent, tax e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit
20. oi -[ OI ] oy	oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice
21. kn-[ n ]	knee, knife, knock, knew, knell
22. ng- [ N ] в конце слова nk-[ Nk ] But: [ Ng ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular в середине слова	English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think
23. qu- [ kω ]	quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit
24. s, ss, sc- [ s ] s-[ z ] между гласными	bus, sense, miss, scent   ease, tease, please, his, noise

19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act

text six flax ex'hibit [ Ig'zIbIt ]

ox box ax ex'aggerate [ Ig'zæGqreIt ]

mix Max e'xist [ Ig'zIst ]

ex'amination [ IgzæmI'neISn ]

ex'ample [ Ig'zQ:mpl ]

20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler

toy spoil joist poison 'boycott

joy toil moist 'roister point

troy oil voice 'toilet coin

21 a) knit – knock knap – nap

knife – knave knick – Nick

knick – knack knell – Nell

knap – knag knack – snack

knot – knob knot – not

knell – knelt knife – wife

b) knap – nap c) knap – cat

knick – Nick knick – kick

knell – Nell knot – cot

knack – snack knock – cock

knot – not knave – cave

knag – nag knob – rob

knife – wife knoll – lot

knave – wave knelt – net

22 a) sing – king gang – tang b) ink – link

ring – bring bang – sprang brink – clink

sling – fling lung – flung drink – think

spring – swing song – gong tank – thank

flank – frank

bunk – chunk

c) sing – sang – sung d) ink sang

ring – rang – rung link ping

cling – clang – clung bank strong

sting – stang – stung trunk bring

spring – sprang – sprung wink swing

fling – flang – flung

e) ran – rang – range f) 'single

ban – bang – bank 'finger

tan – tang – tank 'singular

tug – rung – trunk

thin – thing – think g) sing – singe – inch – ink

sink – sank – sunk bring – cringe – pinch – pink

stink – stank – stunk – stitch

king – fringe – winch – wink

drink – drank – drunk

flung – flunge – hunch – hunk

lung – lunge – bunch – bunk

23 quill – quilt

quick – quip

quiz – quint

quell – well

quest – west

24 a) is – his b) bus 'person add'ress

as – has release 'sense res'ponse

rose – nose case suc'cess

rise – noise suspense c) his – kiss bus – is

lose – close reset his – hiss plus – is

zone – those mesa his – miss us – is

rise – prize cross

zoo – zoom rose

braze – maze close

Test yourself: next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, ex'act, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex'treme, quite, point, text, depth, re'sponse, strength, toy, ex'cept, knee, these, prize, thing, 'liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil.

25. ea-[ e ]перед d, th	dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ]
26. o-[ A ] перед m, n, th, v	'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money
27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu	new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew   neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe
28. i+ld,nd- [ QI ]	grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωQind ]
29. igh-[ QI ]	fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night

25 a) head – read – spread – thread – dead – dread

feather – weather – breath – death – stead – lead

b) heading – 'deadly c) a'head heal – head

spread – 'dreadful in'stead deal – dead

thread – steady be'head steal – stead

be'spread beat – breath

be'stread treat – thread

d) heed – head e) Whether the weather be fine,

deep – death Whether the weather be not,

breed – bread Whether the weather be cold,

breed – breath Or whether the weather be hot,

deed – dead We’ll weather the weather

reed – fleet Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

26 son come love wonder other cover become

won some dove mother another money London

front above glove brother month company

27 a) feud few grew rue – drew

deuce new crew due – dew

Zeus chew threw flue – flew

true – sue

b) 'neutral – 'newly 'Andrew – 'Lewis

'Newton – 'Euclid 'newish – a'new

'Eugene – 'Newton re'new – 'newal

28 - 29 a) wild – child – mild

nigh – sigh – nigh – thigh

fight – night – tight – sight – might

slight – light – right – bright – plight

kind – mind – find – bind – blind – rind

b) file – fight mite – might will – wild pile – plight

style – sight tile – tight chill – child

Nile – night lime – light mill – mild

c) wink – wing – wind

brink – bring – bind

sink – fling – find

think – spring – grind

Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-31