The Invariant of Phonostylistic Characteristics of Informational Educational Descriptive Spontaneous Monologue

Timbre	dispassionate, businesslike, reserved, occasionally interested
I
Delimitation	phonopassages — phrases — intona-tional groups; a number of hesitation and breath-taking pauses (filled and silent) breaks phrases into a great number of intonational groups, destroying their syntactical structure
Style-marking prosodic features	Loudness	normal (or piano); contrastive at the passage boundaries; diminuendo (decrease) towards the end of it; increase of loudness on semantic centres
Levels and ranges	decrease of levels and ranges within the passage; various ranges and levels bind together several successive sequences into a larger unit
Rate	variable, allegro on interpolations, lento on emphatic semantic centres
Pauses	varied, the length depends on the syntactical and semantic value of the segment, the maximum length being at the passage boundaries
Rhythm	non-systematic, subjective isochroriy, centralized stress distribution, the rhythrnicality within the phonopassage is achieved by the alternation of all prosodic features
Accentuation of semantic centres	Terminal tones	common use of final categoric falls on semantic centres, non-final falls, mid-level and rising tones on non-final intonation group; the emphasis is achieved by the use of high falls (very abrupt for a male voice)
Pre-nuclear patterns	varied, common use of level heads with one accentuated pre-nuclear syllable; descending falling heads are often broken by the "accidental rise"
The contrast between accented and unaccented segments	great, achieved by the centralized stress pattern, increase of loudness, levels and ranges on semantic centres, high categoric falls; emphatic stress on them and other variations of all prosodic characteristics

Our task now is to compare the invariant characteristics of the two varieties of the language in this register by the systematic phonological opposition.

The results of the comparison are shown in table 5, p. 199—200.

We are now ready to generalize our results and make the following conclusion:

1. Written (read aloud) and spoken texts belonging to the same intonational style have different prosodic realization.

2. In oral speech the means of the prosodic realization are more vivid, expressive and' varied, especially in voice timbre, loudness, tempo, length of pauses and rhythm.

3. The speaker often uses some hesitation phenomena (hesi tation pauses and temporizers) intentionally, which enables him to obtain the balance between formality and informality and es
tablish contacts with the public.

4. The speaker uses various hesitation phenomena uninten tionally which enables him to gain the time in search for suitable expression or idea and thus not interrupt the flow of speech.

5. The speech is characterized by a greater number of intona tion groups, supraphrasal units and phonopassages. In spontane ous speech an intonation group doesn't always coincide with a syntagm. Pauses at the end of the phrase are optional.

6. The reading is characterized by a decentralized stress dis tribution whereas speaking — by a centralized one.

7. Spontaneous speech is more contrastive, communicative centres are more vividly underlined; the emphasis is achieved by a wider range of terminal tones, greater degree of loudness and prominence of accented segments.

8. The reading is rhythmical, oral speech rhythm is non-sys tematic, unpredictable, variable.

Table5

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