Действительный залог (Active Voice)

Времена (Tenses)

Совершенные продолженные времена (Perfect Continuous Tenses).

Утвердительная форма совершенного продолженного времени образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем совершенном времени (have been, has been, had been, will have been) и причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) смыслового глагола:

e.g. We have been living here for three years.- Мы живем здесь в течение трех лет.

Настоящее совершенное продолженное время употребляется:

a. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в момент разговора:

e.g. We have been translating this article since twelve o'clock.- Мы переводим эту статью с двенадцати часов.

b. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение определенного периода и закончилось до момента речи или до определенного момента времени в настоящем. В этом случае обычно указывается, сколько времени длилось действие:

e.g. Vincent opened his packet. "I have been doing a little sketching myself, he said.- Винсент открыл свой пакет. "Я и сам немного поработал над этюдами", - сказал он.

Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время употребляется для обозначения действия, начавшегося до какого-то момента в прошлом, протекавшего в течение целого периода и закончившегося до определенного момента в прошлом. Употребляется эта форма редко.

e.g. Не looked very tired when I came to his place for he had been preparing for his exams for several days.- Он выглядел усталым, когда я пришел к нему, потому что в течение нескольких дней он готовился к экзаменам.

Будущее совершенное продолженное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое начнется до определенного момента или периода времени в будущем и будет продолжаться вплоть до этого момента. Употребляется эта форма редко.

e.g. By the end of September we shall have been living here for seven years.- К концу сентября мы проживем здесь уже семь лет.

Сводная таблица времен.

Tense	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	I ask he asks	I am asking he is asking	I have asked he has asked	I have been asking he has been asking
Do I ask? Does he ask?	Am I asking? Is he asking?	Have I asked? Has he asked?	Have I been asking? Has he been asking?
I do not ask   he does not ask	I am not asking   he is not asking	I have not asked   he has not asked	I have not been asking he has not been asking
Past	I asked we asked	I was asking we were asking	I had asked we had asked	I had been asking we had been asking
Did I ask?	Was I asking?	Had I asked?	Had I been asking?
I did not ask	I was not asking	I had not asked	I had not been asking
Future	I shall ask   he will ask	I shall be asking   he will be asking	I shall have asked   he will have asked	I shall have been asking he will have been asking
Shall I ask?	Shall I be asking?	Shall I have asked?	Shall I have been asking?
I shall not ask	I shall not be asking	I shall not have asked	I shall not have been asking
Future-in-the-Past	I should ask   he would ask	I should be asking   he would be asking	I should have asked he would have asked	I should have been asking he would have been asking
Should I ask?	Should I be asking?	Should I have asked?	Should I have been asking?
I should not ask	I should not be asking	I should not have asked	I should not have been asking
Показатели	today, usually, always, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes, nowadays, in the past, yesterday, last week, in1920, in the future, in 2 days, next month, in 2010, tomorrow	now, at this moment, from 5 till 7, at 12 o’clock, the whole evening, all the day	already, yet, just, never, ever, since 2002, by 2 o’clock, before 4 am	for 3 days, by Monday

Дата добавления: 2015-06-27