Перевод художественной прозы.Rhythm of a prose piece as a type of narrative

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Тема 1час: Перевод художественной прозы и художественной публицистики. Основы художественной прозы.

The shortest possible definition of literary prose may be the following: prose is the kind of literature not cast poetical measure or rhythm, hence opposed to poetry.

Yet it would be wrong to place prose in the non-rhythmical class.Prose has the rhythm of its own, based on a different principle to poetry: it is syntactic and compositional rather than metrical.

From the point of view of composition, one should measure such features as the structure and distribution of descriptions in a text; of dialogues; the character and comparative length of account of events; the number of authorial digressions; etc. Even the size and number of paragraphs are rhythmically important. The variety of personal names, the proportion of verbs and nouns, and the number of adjectives also contribute to the complex rhythm of a work of literary prose. A succession of similar sentences may make the text sound monotonous; too many exclamatory sentences may result in affected rather than affective rhythm. Perhaps one of the most perfidious enemies of good prose rhythm is an unnecessary word or wordiness as such. Too many words in a text are perceived as a nuisance, produce an effect of incoherence between form and content, and may make the reader weary or irritated.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе.

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: prose, to cast, measure, rhythm, affective rhythm, non-rhythmical class, metrical, distribution of descriptions, comparative length of account of events, authorial digressions, to sound monotonous, perfidious enemies, wordiness, a nuisance, incoherence, weary and irritated.

Тема 1ч. Перевод художественной прозы и художественной публицистики. Основы художественной публицистики. Types of prose.Epic rhythm.

We can distinguish such types of prose rhythm as epic, lyrical, picaresque, philosophical, etc. Each of them may be measured in rhythmical dimensions. More often than not, different types of the narrative combine with the same literary work and make its rhythm quite sophisticated.

Thus epic rhythm manifests itself in extensive descriptions, a large number of characters, a variety of dialogues and monologues, a detailed account of events, and substantial authorial digressions. The characters are mostly well modeled and varied in types. The action develops unhurriedly, in details, while the plot may be rather simple or, on the contrary, intricate. Overall, such a rhythm may remind us of a symphony with its rises and falls and with a diversity of instruments, from a solo clarion to the complete orchestra. Translating a piece of such prose, the translator needs to use the of the techniques conductor in order not to let the orchestra run wild.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: epic, distinguish, lyrical, picaresque, philosophical, dimensions, the narrative, sophisticated, extensive descriptions, substantial authorial digressions, the plot, intricate, a diversity of instruments, solo clarion, techniques conductor, run wild.

Тема 3часа.Перевод художественной прозы и художественной публицистики. Синтез предметнологического, функцинально- коммунитивного и эмоционально- воздействующего аспектов в художественном переводе .Types of prose.Epic rhythm.

We can distinguish such types of prose rhythm as epic, lyrical, picaresque, philosophical, etc. Each of them may be measured in rhythmical dimensions. More often than not, different types of the narrative combine with the same literary work and make its rhythm quite sophisticated.

Thus epic rhythm manifests itself in extensive descriptions, a large number of characters, a variety of dialogues and monologues, a detailed account of events, and substantial authorial digressions. The characters are mostly well modeled and varied in types. The action develops unhurriedly, in details, while the plot may be rather simple or, on the contrary, intricate. Overall, such a rhythm may remind us of a symphony with its rises and falls and with a diversity of instruments, from a solo clarion to the complete orchestra. Translating a piece of such prose, the translator needs to use the of the techniques conductor in order not to let the orchestra run wild.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: epic, distinguish, lyrical, picaresque, philosophical, dimensions, the narrative, sophisticated, extensive descriptions, substantial authorial digressions, the plot, intricate, a diversity of instruments, solo clarion, techniques conductor, run wild.

Тема 1 час. Предпереводческий анализ текста оригинала и выработка общей стратегии перевода. Подготовка к переводу и основы переводческого анализа текста оригинала.Разнообразие переводческих решений. Терминологический и логический анализ исходного текста. Picaresque type.

The picaresque type is vivid and dynamic with a lesser role allotted to descriptions. Its characteristic features are brief dialogues, swift progress of events, and rapid change of places and moods of actions. The plot develops fast, sometimes reminding one of a kaleidoscopic pattern. The stylistic devices mostly used in such a narrative are plays on words, irony, antiphrasis, hyperbole, litotes and the like as effective instruments of satire and humour. Contrast is not infrequently used to create a special effect of affection or comic irony. One of the most difficult aspects of such a text for translation lies in probable gaps between the national senses of humour or personal receptiveness of the translator to irony in words and situations. For this type of prosaic rhythm the choice of words as translation substitutes strongly depends on the dynamics of the text; longer words in the target language may appear inappropriate if they do not fit the swift episode of the composition, while their semantic correctness will not compensate for the retardando.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: picaresque, allotted to, characteristic features, brief dialogues, swift progress of events, rapid change of places and moods of actions, a kaleidoscopic pattern, plays on words, irony, antiphrasis, hyperbole, litotes, effective instruments of satire and humour, contrast, infrequently, comic irony, national senses of humour, personal receptiveness, translation substitutes, inappropriate, swift episode, semantic correctness, retardando.

Тема 2 час. Предпереводческий анализ текста оригинала и выработка общей стратегии перевода. Осмысление глубинной смысловой и коммуникативно-логической структуры текста оригинала. Содержательный анализ авторского замысла переводчиком. Анализ внутритекстовых связей. Стилистический анализ авторского текста переводчиком. Выявление подтекста. Перевод художественной прозы Philosophical piece of prose.

Slowest and most sophisticated of all is the rhythm of a philosophical piece of prose. It uses longer sentences, the logical structure of which may be quite complicated. The vocabulary of such pieces is often very specific, rare words included, as well as quotations in foreign languages. A piece of prose may be philosophical in different ways. It may serve as a vehicle of some philosophical teaching which is independent of the narrative itself and is set forth in a succession of logical statements. The most sophisticated kind of philosophical prose employs linguistic, rhythmic and associative resources to create or to open new values, relationships and possibilities of insight.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: philosophical, sophisticated, logical structure, complicated, quotations, a vehicle of some philosophical teaching, a succession of logical statements, employs, associative resources, possibilities of insight.

Тема 2 час. Предпереводческий анализ текста оригинала и выработка общей стратегии перевода. Идентификация комплексных оппозиций, моделирующих текст оригинала. Оппозиции, моделирующие текст: оппозиции отражения, текстообразующие оппозции, оппозиции развития, оперативно-прагматические оппозиции.

Формирование переводчиком собственной концепции текста. Моделирование текста с помощью оппозиций. Выбор расположения оппозиций при интерпретации художественного произведения. Перевод художественной прозы.Poetic prose.

Mention should also be made of one more type, - poetic prose, the most prominent sample of which is Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak. It is based on metaphors and simile rather than on the logic of events or detailed description: «озаренная месяцем ночь была поразительна, как милосердие или дар ясновиденья», «все кругом бродило, росло и всходило на волшебных дорожках существования», «из векового сада заплывало во весь рост деревьев огромное, как стена большого здания, трущобно-пыльное благоуханье старой зацветающей липы».

The rhythmic measure in such a text may be not overt; it goes deeper into the diction, imagery and subtext. To deal with such a text, the translator should be very skilful in reconstructing metaphors and epithets, which requires deeper knowledge of the source culture and greater creative efforts.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: prominent sample, metaphors, epithets, simile, logic of events, detailed description, rhythmic measure, be overt, diction, imagery, subtext, skilful in reconstructing, source culture, creative efforts.

Тема 2 час. Виды преобразования в художественном переводе. Лексико-грамматический аспект перевода. Лексические приёмы: транслитерация, транскрипция, калькирование, семантическая модификация, описание, комментарий, смешанный(параллельный)перевод и другие.

A single author may use all or several of the above types, thus alternating the rhythm of the whole. An interesting example is the prose rhythm of Evelyn Waugh where a reader can face a challenge from the brilliant mixture of picaresque and lyric types (for instance, Decline and Fall or Brideshead Revisited). Another fine example of a multi-layer rhythm is that of Aldous Huxley with his skilful transits from a picaresque type to lyric and further to the most sophisticated philosophy, sometimes even with a tint of epic, as in his Counterpoint.

It is not an easy task to assess the rhythm of a prose piece as a type of narrative but it is possible for an attentive reader. What makes translation of creative prose even more difficult is its cultural background that may be strange or even wholly alien to the target culture. This is especially true in the case of a considerable temporal or spatial distance between the source and target cultures. For example, English literature is easier to translate into Russian than Russian literature into English because Russian translating tradition can rely on a much better knowledge of English culture among Russian readers, while English translators of Russian literature face the problem of readers’ inadequate acquaintance with Russian culture.

Иллюстративный и раздаточный лекционный материал в разрезе тем дисциплины: словари «Oxford 2006», рефераты по мировой литературе

Список рекомендуемой литературы: Казакова Т.А., Практикум по художественному переводу, С.-Петербург, 2004., Алексеева И.С. Профессиональный тренинг переводчика. С.- Пб, 2004.

Глоссарий: alternating the rhythm, face a challenge from, a multi-layer rhythm, skilful transits, sophisticated philosophy, with a tint of epic, cultural background, may be strange or even wholly alien, temporal or spatial distance, inadequate acquaintance. аспектов в художественном переводе.

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