The Sequence of Tenses. The Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech

Participles

The Gerund

I. Translate the sentences into Russian, find the gerund and define its form:

1. I think of spending my next summer holidays in the Crimea [kraɪ’mɪә].

2. We didn’t succeed in getting tickets for the footfall match.

3. On learning that my friend was ill I went to see him at once.

4. There was little hope of winning the contest.

5. Ann is always afraid of catching cold.

6. Swimming in hot weather is always pleasant.

7. When will you finish reading this book?

8. Do you mind my closing the window?

9. Before leaving for London I will let you know.

10. This film is not worth seeing. It’s dull.

11. It is no use translating the article again. It has once been translated.

12. The risk of taking part in the contest was great.

13. There are many places in the City of London.

14. Russian educators are constantly engaged in seeking new and more satisfactory ways of keeping education in tune with times.

15. Some parents prefer keeping their children under the supervision and care of their grandmothers.

16. I wonder why he objects to our helping him.

17. Smoking costs a lot of money.

18. The house wants repairing.

19. We thank you for sending us your letter.

20. I have three shirts that need washing.

II. Use gerunds instead of infinitives in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Are you fond of (to play) tennis?

2. He began (to play) the piano two years ago.

3. I object to (to discuss) this question at the meeting.

4. We had much difficulty in (to translate) the article.

5. I remember (to tell) them about it.

6. I like the idea of (to organize) a shooting contest.

7. There is no chance of (to get) tickets for this football match.

8. I think of (to take part) in the forthcoming conference.

9. Do you mind my (to leave) you for a moment?

10. I don’t mind (to gather) at Peter’s place tomorrow.

11. Go on (to read).

12. This book is not worth (to read).

13. I was afraid of (to be late) for the meeting.

14. The children are good at (to swim).

15. We enjoy (to skate) in winter.

III. Translate into English using the models below:

Model I: I can’t help laughing. Я не могу не смеяться.

- не сказать вам об этом;

- не принимать участие в этом состязании;

- не любить их.

Model II: It’s no use going there. Бесполезно идти туда.

- искать эту книгу;

- пытаться сделать это еще раз;

- собирать всех студентов сейчас.

Мodel III: We enjoyed hearing that opera. Мы получили удовольствие, слушая эту оперу.

- слушая вашу музыку;

- читая эту книгу;

- участвуя в соревновании.

Model IV: Do you mind going home now? Вы не возражаете пойти домой?

- пойти в столовую;

- собраться у него;

- пообедать;

- остаться здесь.

Model V: I remember seeing him. Помню, что видел его.

- давал ей книгу;

- учил эти слова;

- разговаривал с ним.

IV. Use the correct form of the Gerund:

a. simple or perfect:

1. One can see at a glance that an art student is given every opportunity of (to gain) good knowledge.

2. M. Vasnetsov is famous for (to paint) many pictures the subject matter of which is fairy tales. He achieved much sincerity in (to reproduce) real life.

3. We are thankful to you for (to meet) them at the theatre.

4. She never spoke of (to spend) her early childhood in the country.

5. We are proud of (to enter) the Solikamsk State Pedagogical Institute (the department of the Perm State National Research University).

6. Students should avoid (to miss) classes.

7. He denied ever (to see) those people before.

b. active or passive:

1. I never thought of (to invite) to the party.

2. She was in the habit of (to get up) very early.

3. The boy was afraid of (to punish) for (to misbehave).

4. She is far from (to share) your point of view.

5. The noise prevented us from (to hear) each other.

6. I do not mind (to give) this work, I hope I’ll enjoy (to do) it.

7. He couldn’t help (to smile) at the thought of (to watch) for such a long time.

V. Make the gerundial construction instead of the subordinate clause using the prepositions in brackets:

Model: When I came home, I called him up (on).

On coming home I called him up.

1. Before we go to the club we often call for them (before).

2. The students developed their speaking skills because they constantly practised their English (through).

3. We arrived at the station, we saw that the train had left (on).

4. Before I go to bed I usually listen to the latest news (before).

5. You will never know English well unless you learn grammar (without).

6. While you were reading the text, you made a few sound mistakes (in).

7. When he entered the room, he greeted everybody (on).

8. You can improve your pronunciation if you work at it regularly (by).

VI. Change the following sentences using gerundial constructions instead of subordinate clauses:

1. He denied that she had doubted his words.

2. Do you object if I speak Russian?

3. She had no idea that he was good at Mathematics.

4. Julia suggested that they should go down.

5. She insisted we should put off the conference.

6. I would not mind if the children go to the park now.

7. Ray was surprised that Grace had written him a letter.

8. We have no hope that they would cope with the task.

9. That she was at home was a bit of luck for us.

VII. Join two sentences into one using the Gerund:

a. She entered the classroom. She greeted the teacher.

b. The girl left home. She didn’t lock the door.

c. I learned the words. I pronounced them aloud.

d. They listened attentively. They didn’t interrupt.

e. We didn’t miss the train. We took a taxi.

f. He sat at the table. He didn’t eat anything.

g. We wrote the test. We listened to the teacher’s explanation first.

h. She went to the South. She consulted the doctor before.

i. He heard this piece of news. He was greatly surprised.

j. They discussed the problem. Then they adopted a resolution.

VIII. Fill in the blanks with the necessary prepositions:

1. The child comes to school psychologically prepared … learning new things.

2. We were most grateful to the guide … showing us the sights of the city.

3. Who’s responsible … arranging the party?

4. I can’t make out the reason … their refusing.

5. He never thought … entering the university so easily.

6. Children ought to be prevented … being left alone.

7. The mother found out that her daughter was good … reciting poems.

8. They are engaged … discussing the plan.

9. He was afraid … being misunderstood.

10. You may improve your English … working hard at it.

IX. Translate the words in brackets into English using the Gerund:

1. Do you mind my (курение) here?

2. Leonid is against (чтобы оставаться) there long.

3. (Гулять) in such weather is very pleasant.

4. I am afraid of (стрелять).

5. We enjoyed (читая) this book.

6. Our students think of (поехать) to the country next Sunday.

7. Let’s go on (работать) at this problem.

8. They do not mind (пойти) to the cinema now.

9. I remember (видеть) that film.

10. Will you stop (говорить, болтать)?

X. Use the correct form of the Gerund:

1. I think we must discuss the problem before (to make) a decision.

2. At (to see) her he stopped to talk.

3. On (to enter) the room I switched on the light.

4. The lady ended the letter by (to ask) the young writer to have a lunch with her.

5. The patient was sent to hospital after (to examine).

6. In spite of (to live) alone she had a very good time at home.

7. You’d better do something instead of (while away) the time like this.

8. Take your time before (to answer).

9. On (to hear) the telephone ring I went to answer the call.

10. He left without (to say) good-bye.

XI. Finish the following sentences using the Gerunds:

1. I am interested in ….

2. She couldn’t help ….

3. The play is worth ….

4. It’s no good ….

5. What’s the use of ….

6. We must go on ….

7. Everyone enjoyed ….

8. I’m not used to ….

9. Do you mind …?

10. I’m looking forward to ….

11. Take our umbrella, it looks ….

12. … they began to laugh.

XII. Make the following sentences simple using the Gerund:

1. Before he left the town he called on his friend.

2. I remember that we have seen him only once.

3. She suggested that we should go on a hike.

4. Do you mind if I take your dictionary for a moment?

5. We must consider the matter thoroughly before we come to any conclusion.

6. When the girl entered the room, she looked at the faces of the unknown people.

7. We can’t get used to the fact that we must get up so early now.

8. When he received another letter from her he changed his mind.

XIII. Fill in the blanks with a suitable gerund:

1. I dislike to the movies by myself.

2. We started dinner without you.

3. I can’t imagine my own house.

4. I used that television show all the time.

5. I always eat breakfast before to school.

6. When do you practice English?

7. My grandmother prefers science fiction books.

8. You need harder this year.

9. I am used to her in a bad mood.

10. Have you talked to the dentist about your teeth?

XIV. Write sentences using the right type of the Complex Object made of the words given in brackets.

1. We knew (he, to be) a successful businessman.

2. Do you imagine (she, to work) late at night?

3. She couldn’t bear (the, child, to cry).

4. The doctor recommended (the room, to air).

5. She wanted (I, to tell) her the truth.

6. I kept silent and watched (they, to play) chess.

7. I’ve never seen (he, to smile).

8. I looked up and saw (she, to cry).

9. I heard (she, to play) the piano.

10. The teacher advised (we, to use) dictionaries.

XV. Answer the questions using gerunds:

1. What books do you consider worth reading?

2. What are you fond of doing?

3. Do you enjoy travelling by air?

4. Which do you like better, playing the piano or singing?

5. What is your mother busy doing now?

6. What are you looking forward to?

7. Do you feel like going to the river when it is hot?

8. What do you do when you feel tired of doing something?

9. What ways of learning English do you find most effective?

XVI. Translate into English.

1. Она почувствовала, что кто-то наблюдает за ней.

2. Всем хотелось, чтобы она спела свою любимую песню.

3. Где вы чистите одежду?

4. Она отремонтировала свои часы в ближайшей часовой мастерской.

5. Мальчик видел, как родители выходили из комнаты.

6. Мы ожидали, что он напишет нам как можно скорее.

7. Они продолжали разговаривать.

8. Вы не должны откладывать решение этого вопроса.

9. Студенты сейчас заняты подготовкой к экзаменам.

10. Он предложил купить билеты на концерт.

11. Эту статью стоит прочитать еще раз.

12. Им удалось осуществить свой план.

13. Я давно мечтала побывать в Эрмитаже.

14. Перестаньте разговаривать, вы мешаете нам слушать.

15. Я помню, что когда-то читал этот роман.

XVII. Translate into English:

1. Студенты были против того, чтобы экзамен перенесли.

2. Вы не возражаете, если я воспользуюсь вашим телефоном?

3. Никто не отрицает, что он одаренный ученик.

4. Все удивились, что она опоздала.

5. Вы можете положиться на нас, мы присмотрим за вашими детьми.

6. Я не помню, чтобы он говорил об этом.

7. Мы полагаемся на то, что вы нам поможете.

8. Вы должны заставить его извиниться за то, что он подвел всех.

9. Сначала мать возражала против того, чтобы ее дочь выходила замуж за Ника.

10. Я уверена, что он читал эту книгу.

11. Дети привыкли к тому, что им читают книги на ночь.

12. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы меня выслушали.

13. Она продолжала спорить, вместо того чтобы согласиться с ними.

14. Они не возражали пройтись пешком.

15. Подумайте как следует, прежде чем отвечать.

XVIII. Choose the right variant:

1. After the accident, the injured man recovered consciousness in hospital; he remembered ________ the road, but he didn’t remember ________ down.

a) having crossed / being knocked;

b) crossing / being knocked;

c) crossing / knocking.

2. I am still thirsty in spite of _______ four cups of tea.

a) having drunk;

b) having been drunk;

c) drinking.

3. This carpet always looks dirty, in spite of _______ every day.

a) having been swept;

b) being swept;

c) sweeping.

4. He didn’t return the book he had borrowed after _______ to do so.

a) having been promised;

b) having promised;

c) promising.

5. He got into the house through a window, without _______ by anyone.

a) being seen;

b) having been seen;

c) having seen.

6. I think he was foolish to a car before ________ how to drive it.

a) having learned;

b) learning;

c) having been learned.

7. Peter is a much better chess-player than I am, and he was very surprised when I beat him yesterday for the first time – he isn’t used to _______.

a) beating;

b) being beaten;

c) having been beaten.

8. He went to bed at 9 p.m. in spite of _______ all the afternoon.

a) having been slept;

b) sleeping;

c) having slept.

9. He complained of _______ a very small room at the back of the hotel.

a) having been given;

b) giving;

c) having given.

10. The windows are very dirty, they need _______.

a) having been cleaned;

b) being cleaning;

c) cleaning.

I. Make up participles I, II and translate them into Russian:

Model 1: to wait – waiting (ожидающий, ожидая)

(to) speak, come, leave, know, say, turn, hear, pass, go, look, listen, show, arrive, carry out, prepare.

Model 2: to open – opened (открытый), to bring – brought (принесённый)

(to) ask, find, call, invite, spend, dress, make, take, open, explain, lose, receive.

II. Find the participles, define their functions and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Leaving the cinema the people were talking about the film.

2. He stopped before a closed door.

3. Turning to us she said it was time to do it.

4. There were many people standing at the bus stop.

5. He stayed in Moscow visiting his friends and going to museums.

6. This is the road leading to our village.

7. The article translated by Jack is very interesting.

8. Walking slowly along the street he met a friend of his.

9. Being tired I could hardly walk.

10. The approaching car was of black colour.

11. Pieces of broken glass lay on the floor.

12. We watched the teacher writing a sentence on the blackboard.

13. We took a bus running in the direction of the Metro station.

14. Hearing these words she ran out of the room.

15. Two smiling girls sat on the bench talking gaily.

16. While writing a letter he seemed to forget everything.

17. When asked he brought the papers.

18. While preparing for the report she looked through many papers.

19. Arriving in Moscow, the tourists went to a hotel.

20. When discussing the problem they argued a lot.

III. Find Participle II in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian:

1. All books taken from the library must be returned in 10 days.

2. I shall show you the article written by my friend.

3. She will be a qualified worker.

4. The experiment described attracted general attention.

5. The graduation paper submitted by the student was very interesting.

6. The results obtained varied to some extent.

IV. Translate into English:

a) читающий – прочитанный – читая;

показывающий – показанный – показывая;

изучающий – изученный – изучая;

обсуждающий – обсужденный – обсуждая;

открывающий – открытый – открывая.

б) 1. Уходя из дома, она оставила ключи на столе.

2. Студенты, изучающие английский язык, скоро поедут в Лондон.

3. Сломанный стул стоял в углу комнаты.

4. Вы знаете эту улыбающуюся девочку?

5. Мы сидели за столом, ожидая нашего преподавателя.

6. Читая газеты, мы узнаем многое о жизни и людях в разных странах.

7. Женщина, покупающая книги, наш новый преподаватель.

8. Где словарь, оставленный кем-то вчера?

9. Лектор ответил на все вопросы, заданные студентами.

10. Я ещё не получил письмо, оставленное ею на прошлой неделе.

V. Make up sentences according to the models and translate them into Russian:

Model I: The boy who is playing there is my son.

The boy playing there is my son.

1. People who take books from the library must return them on time.

2. I took the train which was leaving for St. Petersburg.

3. The students who are learning English will see an English film after classes.

4. The woman who is speaking at the meeting now is our new teacher.

5. The man who is standing at the blackboard is our monitor.

Model II: When I was going home, I met my old friend.

(While/When) going home, I met my old friend.

1. When I was spending my summer holidays in the students’ camp I played football very often.

2. When he was skating, he fell down.

3. When you speak English, pay attention to your pronunciation.

4. When you leave the room, don’t forget to turn off the light.

5. When she was leaving Moscow she sent me a message.

Model III: The story, which was told by the teacher, was long.

The story told by the teacher was long.

1. The books, which are borrowed from the library, may be kept for ten days.

2. The reports, which were made at the conference, were rather interesting.

3. Cities and towns, which were destroyed during the war, were built anew.

4. Here is the dictionary which was left by somebody in this room.

5. We are proud of the sport victories which were won by our athletes.

VI. Translate what is given in brackets using the correct form of Participle I:

1. He stood in the hall (глядя) at the picture (показывающую) nothing more than a child’s small wooden chair.

2. His father (уйдя в отставку) lived in an unpretentious, but not mean, house.

3. (Возвращающиеся) troops marched up Fifth Avenue.

4. Mother stood (махая) her hand until we drove away.

5. She leant on the sill (глядя) out into the street.

6. He stood in front of the gate with a crowd of (улыбающихся) children, (чувствуя) that he had reached home at last.

7. He left the hotel (намереваясь) to buy a few souvenirs.

8. Andrew (наведя справки) went out of the classroom.

9. (Так как ее пригласили) to the party on that day she left home earlier.

10. (Упаковав) our things we went out to find a taxi.

VII. Use Participle I Simple or Perfect:

1. I kept silence for some time (to think) of what he had told me.

2. Liza sat (to think), and Tom stood at the window (to look) at her.

3. Sam (to feel) that the interview was over, got up.

4. (to become) a student he decided to devote all his time to studies.

5. My attention was attracted by the four people (to sit) at the table.

VIII. Use the Present or the Past Participle:

1. There was a silence (to break) only by the drumming of the rain upon the roof.

2. (To carry) away by the melody, Marie went to dance herself.

3. They sat on the river bank (to watch) the (to set) sun.

4. It was an old Victorian house (to keep) in good state of repair.

5. (To translate) into many languages the books of this author are known to the whole world.

6. I noticed a couple of pictures (to hang) on the wall that I’d never seen before.

7. There was generally a loud hum of voices in the (to crowd) room as people joked while (to wait), but Ray stood there (to watch) hopefully.

8. Suddenly (to turn) around and (to hide) her face Gracie tried to keep her eyes from filling with tears.

IX. Translate into Russian:

1. I couldn’t give you a call, with my telephone being out of order.

2. It being warm, the children went for a walk.

3. The concert was followed by a dance, many people staying for it.

4. The tourists were walking along the streets, with the guide explaining the history of the town.

5. There being no more questions to be discussed at the meeting, the chairman declared it closed.

6. The performance being over, everybody went home.

7. It being early, there were few people in the streets.

8. My wife having left for several days, I had to run the house.

9. There are fee-paying schools in Britain, the most important of which being the so-called private independent schools.

10. The test containing over a hundred questions, she was afraid that she would not cope with it.

11. With prices rising it looks as if fewer books were being sold in England.

12. People having complained of the old system of education, education authorities had to introduce new types of schools.

X. Make one sentence out of the given two using Nominative Absolute Construction:

1. She began to speak. Her voice was trembling.

2. Dinner began in silence. Everybody was facing one another.

3. There were so many unknown words in the article. It took me a long time to translate it.

4. It was a cold day. We decided to stay at home.

5. The door-bell rang. My mother rose and left the room.

6. The weather changed for the worse. We put off our trip.

7. The examinations were over. We didn’t know what to do.

8. The term was coming to an end. The students discussed their plans for the holidays.

9. Edward leaped from the car. His eyes were blazing with excitement.

10. My watch has stopped. I don’t know the time.

XI. Complete the sentences using the Complex Object with Participle II.

1. You’ve got a nice new suit. Where did you (to make)?

2. Your dress is too long for you. Would you like (to shorten)?

3. I have a bad tooth. I think I must (to fill).

4. What a lovely haircut! When did you (to cut one’s hair)?

XII. Paraphrase using participles and translate into Russian:

1. He went over to the window and stood there listening to the voices which were coming from the outside.

2. She saw many letters, which had long been waiting for her.

3. The boy tried to put together the pieces of a toy that had broken.

4. We were not happy. The thought worried us.

5. “These are nice!” she exclaimed as she picked up the flowers.

6. The car drove closer to the ship which was being unloaded.

7. They saw the light which was streaming from the open door.

XIII. Find the sentences with the mistakes. Correct them.

1. Write a telegram we must use as few words as possible.

2. You can help me by sending this letter away.

3. Having wounded I was no more fit for service.

4. The buyers agreed to accept the goods at a price fixed by arbitration.

5. In order to explain the problem he drew diagrams all over the blackboard.

6. A large tree broke by the wind, lay across the road.

7. The first question to be considered is whether the offer should be accepted.

8. A committee headed by Ron began to work out a resolution to be presented to the conference.

9. He saw a small village, situating on the bank of the river.

10. I’ll show you the article writing by my brother.

XIV. Find the wrong sentences and give the right variant:

1. Write a telegram we must use as few words as possible.

2. You can help me by sending this letter away.

3. Having wounded I was no more fit for service.

4. The buyers agreed to accept the goods at a price fixed by arbitration.

5. In order to explain the problem he drew diagrams all over the blackboard.

6. A large tree broke by the wind, lay across the road.

7. The first question to be considered is whether the offer should be accepted.

8. A committee headed by Ron began to work out a resolution to be presented to the conference.

9. He saw a small village, situating on the bank of the river.

10. I’ll show you the article writing by my brother.

XV. Translate into English using the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction:

1. Так как в Англии нет единой системы среднего образования, программы учебных предметов и выбор учебников зависят от местных органов образования.

2. Поскольку местные органы образования и население все решительнее выступали против экзамена «11+», за последнее время число общедоступных школ значительно возросло.

3. Джон зажег сигарету, руки его тряслись.

4. Когда самый важный вопрос был решен, мы разошлись.

5. Поскольку вам больше не нужна наша помощь, мы можем уйти.

6. Когда зазвенел звонок, она встала и пошла открыть дверь.

7. Сейчас, когда приближаются экзамены, я чувствую себя спокойным.

8. Когда она ушла, он стал обдумывать ситуацию.

9. Когда мой друг заявил, что он не едет с нами, мы решили отправиться немедленно.

XVI. Translate into English:

1. Он сидел за столом, глядя на кипу неотвеченных писем, лежащую перед ним.

2. Посмотрев внимательно на человека, лежащего в постели, Уотсон узнал его. Подойдя поближе, он воскликнул: «Мой дорогой друг!».

3. Разбитую вазу завернули в бумагу.

4. Через полуоткрытую дверь были слышны чьи-то голоса.

5. Затем наступила тишина, прерываемая лишь тяжелым дыханием больного.

6. Будучи не в состоянии разрешить спор самостоятельно, они решили обратиться к кому-либо за помощью.

7. Он не любил, когда его беспокоили по пустякам.

8. Получив еще одно письмо от этой дамы, он ответил ей, поблагодарив за письма.

9. Не обращая внимания на стоны Тома, Сид лежал с закрытыми глазами, притворяясь, что спит.

10. Все любят получать письма, но на них надо отвечать.

I. Translate into English the sentences taking the rules of the sequence of tenses into account:

1. He said (that) the boy had lost his way in the forest.

2. I was sure they needed my help.

3. I was afraid Nick didn’t know anything about this story.

4. The librarian asked me what books and periodicals I wanted to read.

5. We didn’t know she was working as a secretary and a typist.

6. I knew he would go to New York one of these days.

7. I thought Ann had already been examined by that time.

8. I was asked when and where I had been born.

9. The doctor asked me how I felt in rainy weather.

10. He asked me if (whether) I had seen the film “War and Peace”.

11. He was asked why he hadn’t passed his examination on time.

12. She asked us when we should come and see her.

13. Daddy asked me whose tapes they were.

14. In reply to his question whether I should attend his lecture I said I couldn’t because of my illness.

15. I didn’t know that you had already read this book.

II. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate form:

1. I thought that you (to make) some decision.

2. They said they (to work) seven hours a day.

3. Mr. Fox promised that he (to deliver) his lecture in the nearest future.

4. I was sure that the foreign delegation (to arrive).

5. Did you think that the meeting (to approve) such a resolution?

6. I was sure you (to come and see) me next Sunday.

7. My former teacher asked me if I (to get on) well with my English classes at the Institute.

8. We did not know that they (to be discussing) the problem at that moment.

9. The boy didn’t know that he already (to receive) a good mark.

10. I was afraid he (to fail) me at the forthcoming examination.

11. He did it better than I (to expect).

12. He said that the bus (to be) here soon.

13. It was decided that we (to start) our work at eight o’clock.

14. I think it all happened soon after the meeting (to finish).

15. He asked the students whether they (to solve) a problem.

III. Make new sentences from these ones using reported speech.

Model I: He said: “I am busy.”

He said (that) he was busy.

He said: “I have lost the key.”

He said he had lost the key.

He said: “I shall leave tomorrow.”

He said he would leave the next day.

She said: “I am tired and can’t work any more.”

“I am writing a letter to my parents.”

“I have seen this film twice.”

“My father was sent abroad a week ago.”

“I shall help you with your English.”

“I would recommend you these fresh cakes”

Model II: He asked me: “Do you live in Kirov Street?”

He asked me whether I lived in Kirov Street.

He asked me: ”Are you busy now?”

He asked me whether I was busy then.

He asked me: “Will you go to the club?”

He asked me whether I should go to the club.

She asked me: “Do you like detective stories?”

“Does your sister know German?”

“Did you take part in the conference?”

“Can you play chess?”

“Do you know English well?”

“Are your parents on pension?”

Model III: He asked me: “Where do you work?”

He asked me where I worked.

She asked me: “Where do you live?”

“When did you begin learning English?”

“What films do you like?”

“Who must do this work?”

“Why didn’t you tell me before about it?”

“Who is on duty today?”

“How long will it take you to get to the station?”

IV. Make indirect commands and requests from the following sentences.

a) 1. Charles said, “Ann gas bought a new car.”

2. She promised, “I’ll speak to the manager about him.”

3. I thought, “He is going to give up his job.”

4. Ann said, “I can type now.”

5. Tom said, “I want to go on holiday next week.”

6. Nick told us, “I saw Jimmy at a party last week.”

7. The policeman shouted: “Don’t move”.

8. The boss told the secretary: “Get the document ready for the conference”.

9. Ann told: “Don’t go there!”

10. He ordered: “Don’t be late!”

b) 1. “Read the instructions before you switch on machine,” he said to me.

2. “Don’t come before 6 o’clock!” I said to him.

3. The teacher said to the student, “Write your work more carefully or I shan’t read it!”

4. “Could you bring me another cup of tea, please?” I said to the hostess.

5. The boy said to his dog, “Live down, Jack!”

6. “Shut the door but don’t lock it,” she said to us.

7. The manager said to his secretary, “Don’t post this letter today. There is a mistake in it.”

8. She said to her friends, “Come and spend a holiday with me in the USA.”

9. The officer shouted to the soldiers, “Fire”.

10. Mother said to her son: “Please, don’t eat all the cake.”

V. Make new sentences from these ones using reported speech:

1. Charles said, “Ann gas bought a new car.”

2. Tom said, “I want to go on holiday next week”.

3. I thought, “He is going to give up his job”.

4. My father said: “Oh, I forget, I never remember such things in time.”

5. Ann said, “I can type now”.

6. Nick told us, “I saw Jimmy at a party last week.”

7. She promised, “I’ll speak to the manager about him.”

8. “Don’t leave your exercise book at home as we’ll need it at the lesson,” I said to Alice.

9. “As far as I know Jim passed his entrance exams with excellent marks,” he replied.

10. “Is it true that in England the grass remains green all the year round?” asked the boy.

VI. Write the given sentences in the direct speech:

1. She asked me not to call her in the evening as she wouldn’t be at home.

2. The teacher asked her pupils to sit still.

3. She asked me who had rung me late at night.

4. She said that she was quite all right. The weather in London hadn’t done her any harm.

5. Jane told her friends that she had just come from Great Britain and intended to stay in Moscow for about two weeks.

6. A man came up and asked me where he could leave his coat.

7. She said that she had lived in Moscow for many years and knew the city very well.

8. I told my brother that I was sorry he hadn’t kept his promise.

VII. Make new questions from these ones:

1. Where is the bank? – Could you tell me …?

2. Where does Ann live? – Have you any idea …?

3. Why didn’t Tom come to the party? – Do you know …?

4. When will your friends arrive? – Have you any idea …?

5. Did he bring his sister to the party? – Do you know …?

6. Do you often see her? – Could you tell me …?

VIII. Make reported questions:

1. How old are you? – She asked me …

2. Where were you a few weeks ago? – She wanted to know …

3. Can you play the guitar? – He wondered …

4. How long have been working in your present job? – He wanted to know …

5. Are you glad to meet your former classmates? – She asked me …

6. Will she arrive in two days? – He wondered ….

IX. Translate into English the subordinate parts of the following sentences:

1. I was sure that (вы придёте сюда вместе со своими друзьями).

2. I thought that (дети играют в саду).

3. I didn’t know that (вы послали поздравительную открытку).

4. I knew that (он будет выступать против этого предложения).

5. He asked me whether (знаю ли я французский язык).

6. She asked him (что он пишет сейчас).

7. I asked Bess (где она будет отдыхать летом).

8. I was asked (когда эта статья будет переведена).

X. Change the verbs in the principle clause into the Past Indefinite and make all other necessary changes:

1. I think you know about it.

2. She says she is a second-year student.

3. They say he is waiting for you in the hall.

4. We are going to the Dean’s office to find out if the time-table has changed.

5. He knows that somebody will tell his friend the truth.

6. They are not sure they can do it without your help.

7. You know that you must attend this lecture.

8. I am sure they will have built the road by autumn.

9. She says it was raining hard all day yesterday.

10. They say they are going to wait till you come back.

XI. Open the brackets using the correct tense form and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I did not know that you already (to read) this book.

2. He did it better than I (to expect).

3. He said that the bus (to be) here soon.

4. He asked the students whether they (to solve) a problem.

5. They decided that they (to bring) us all the necessary books.

6. I told you that I (to leave) for Minsk on the following day.

7. I think it all happened soon after the meeting (to end).

8. It was decided that we (to start) our work at eight o’clock.

9. He said that he (can) not do it without my help.

10. The girl thought that if she (not to sell) the flowers she (not to be) able to buy bread.

XII. Transform the following sentences into complex ones using the sentences in brackets as principle clauses. Pay attention to the sequence of tenses:

Model: My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew)

1. She never drinks milk. (I heard)

2. He is a very talented singer. (We knew)

3. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought)

4. She lives a happy life. (We knew)

5. She knows English well. (I supposed)

6. He doesn’t know German at all. (I found out)

7. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) His picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

8. She dances better than anybody else. (They said)

XIII. Rewrite the sentences in the past tense making the necessary changes:

1. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg.

2. He says it did him a lot of good.

3. She says he will come to see us next Sunday.

4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street.

5. He says he feels better now.

6. He stops and listens: the clock is striking five.

7. They say they will write me a letter when they return home.

8. They say they were friends.

9. I suppose she will send the telegram immediately.

XIV. Open the brackets following the sequence of tenses:

Teachers and other members of the school administration gathered to discuss Tom Potter’s behaviour. Mary Claire, a teacher of English Literature, said that Tom (to be) always a pain in the neck. He (to make) fun of everybody. Mary thought it (to be) necessary to isolate Tom from the other pupils. She (to want) to suspend Tom from school.

Elle Black, a teacher of History, said that she (to try) to analyze his behaviour but she (to come) to the idea to suspend Tom. Andrew Barlow, a teacher of Biology, (to like) the boy. He said that Tom (to pass) through a difficult period of his life, Andrew (to notice) that Tom (to behave) often strangely, but the teacher was sure that Tom (to overcome) the difficulties and (to be) a good boy. Andrew Barlow was sure that suspension from school (to be) out of the question.

XV. Translate into English:

1. Я спросил, сколько времени им потребуется, чтобы закончить перевод.

2. Студентам сказали, что им можно не приходить завтра в 8 часов.

3. Что случилось? Почему ты плачешь?

4. Он пожалел, что сказал ей правду, когда увидел, что она плачет.

5. Вчера я встретила свою одноклассницу. Мы не виделись с тех пор, как закончили школу.

6. Студент, которого мы видели вчера в библиотеке, пришел снова сегодня.

7. Он сказал, что, когда он вошел в комнату, его друг сидел на диване и читал газету.

8. Мы спросили, что он собирается делать, когда вернется.

9. Декан спросил, звонил ли ему кто-либо, пока его не было.

10. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету.

11. Мне бы хотелось знать, когда она приедет в Москву. Если она приедет в этом месяце, то я смогу с ней увидеться.

12. Не кажется ли тебе, что в этом тексте мало новых слов?

13. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу.

14. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины.

15. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из Лондона.

16. Я знал, что она изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж.

17. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены.

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