The Subjunctive Mood

I. Read and translate the following poem into Russian paying attention to the cases of using the subjunctive mood:

If all the world were paper,

And all the sea were ink;

And all the trees were bread and cheese,

What should we do for drink?

If many men knew,

What many men know,

If many men went,

Where many men go,

If many men did

What many men do,

The world would be better

I think so, don’t you?

If all good people were clever,

And all clever people were good,

This world would be nicer than ever,

We thought that it possibly could.

II. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

a) 1. If my friend were here now, he would tell us many interesting stories about his recent trip.

2. Do you think Bess would join us in travelling over the Caucasus if we asked her to?

3. Should Nick come, let him wait a little.

4. If I could, I would certainly help you.

5. Should you wish to see this hockey match, I might get a ticket for you.

b) 1. If I had had time yesterday, I should have gone to the cinema with you.

2. Had we known all those facts before, we should have told you about them long ago.

3. If you hadn’t left the concert so early, you should have heard many new songs and funny stories.

4. Had Peter come here an hour ago, he could have got this book. Now it is sold out.

5. If he had obtained the necessary number of points during the entrance exams he would have been enrolled in the Institute.

III. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. If there were no extramural department at the Institute she would have no chance to study.

2. If you attended all the lectures and seminars during the term you wouldn’t have to spend so much time reading for your exams now.

3. Can you imagine how much money you would pay for your studies at the Institute if higher education were not free in our country?

4. If these applicants had not failed at the entrance exams they would have been admitted to the University.

5. If I were you, I should take into consideration the urgency of the matter.

6. But for her impatience with the pupils, she would make a good teacher.

7. I would not have succeeded in entering the Institute even if I had done my best, the competition was intense. I wish I had been more hard-working at school.

IV. Change the sentences according to the model:

Model I: If I see him today, I shall tell him about it.

If I saw him today, I should (would, could) tell him about it.

1. If you help me, I shall finish my work very soon.

2. If Jim is free, he will go to the stadium tonight.

3. If I have a meeting today, I shall stay at the Institute late.

4. If the weather is fine next Sunday, they will go to the country.

5. If we are busy tomorrow, we shall not take part in the picnic.

Model II: If I saw him (today), I should (would, could) tell him about it.

If I had seen him (yesterday), I should (would, could) have told him about it.

1. If you took a taxi, you would get to the station in time.

2. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.

3. If it didn’t rain, they would go boating.

4. If Ann felt good, she would come to see us at the week-end.

5. If I knew French, I would help you to translate this article.

V. Finish the sentences:

1. If he knew that you were ill, he ….

2. I would tell her the latest news, if I ….

3. If Mary worked hard at her English, she ….

4. They would be very glad if you ….

5. If you stayed with us a little longer, you ….

6. If the students of our group were free now, they….

7. Had I met Mr. Brown before, I ….

8. Were I in your place, I ….

9. If I were you, I ….

10. If they came to see us one of these days, we….

11. We would have recognized him if he ….

12. If it were not raining we ….

13. You would have passed the exam successfully if you ….

14. If it were winter now we….

15. If he … he would work hard.

VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

a) 1. I wish I were free now.

2. I wish I could help her.

3. I wish I knew about it.

4. I wish you were more attentive.

5. I wished I had seen that film.

6. I wish you would be allowed to take a rest in the South.

7. She behaved in class as if she were an experienced teacher. I wish I were as resourceful as she is.

b) 1. John speaks Russian as if he were a Russian.

2. Ann looks as if she were not well.

3. She loves this little boy as though he were her son.

4. My friend sings Spanish songs so well as if he had lived in a Spanish-speaking country his whole life.

5. They talked as if they had known each other for a long time.

c) 1. It is time we had dinner.

2. It’s time you return the books to the library.

3. It’s time we went home.

4. Isn’t it time the children went to bed?

d) 1. It’s important that the students should speak English at English classes.

2. It is necessary that you should do this work in time.

3. It is impossible that he should have said it.

4. It is necessary that relationship between a teacher and pupils should be founded on respect for a person.

5. It is important that the report should be made in English.

6. It is strange that she should have done this without consulting me.

7. It is desirable that the students should review grammar from time to time.

8. It is natural that the students should be asking a lot of questions concerning their future studies.

9. It is advisable that parents should praise the children for a good act.

10. It is probable that the work should be done.

e) 1. I suggest that you should speak to the Dean about it.

2. We propose that this question should be discussed at the meeting.

3. I demand that the plan should be presented not later than tomorrow.

4. The teacher suggested that we should read this book in the original.

5. The strikers insisted that their demands should be met.

6. We propose that this resolution should be adopted.

7. The doctor demanded that the sick man should stay at home for a couple of days.

f) 1. I want to put down your telephone number lest I should forget it.

2. We are going to the station a bit earlier lest we should miss the 6 o’clock train.

VII. Translate into Russian:

1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson.

2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn’t have missed the train.

3. It would be better if you learned to drive a car.

4. I wish I had known this before.

5. I would have sent a letter to you if I had known your address.

6. If I had met you yesterday I would have told you about it.

7. I wish you were not late as usual.

8. I wish the letter hadn’t been so long.

9. I wish you wouldn’t be slow.

10. I wish it would stop raining.

VIII. Change the sentences according to the Model:

Model: It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. What a pity you don’t know Physics enough.

2. Unfortunately they won’t return before dinner.

3. It’s a pity that you didn’t send for a doctor last night.

4. My brother regrets not having passed the exams.

5. She was sorry not to have had enough time to cook dinner.

6. It’s a pity they won’t be able to come home in time.

7. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news.

8. It’s a pity we are not with you these days.

9. What a pity they are wrong.

10. I am not sure he is at home, but I’d like to see him.

IX. Open the brackets:

1. They are talking as if they (to know) each other very well.

2. I wish I (to speak) English freely and easily.

3. It’s time you (to finish) your work.

4. I wish he (to be) here now.

5. I suggest that you (to change) the theme of your course-paper.

6. We demand that they (to be helped) immediately.

7. I insist that you (to do) this work by tomorrow.

8. It’s necessary that all the students (to be presented) at the lecture.

9. If I (to be) you I (to enter) a pedagogical institute.

10. But for the darkness we (not to lose) our way.

11. If they (not to live) so far we (to visit) then one of these days.

12. If she (to read) for the exams more thoroughly she (to pass).

13. They (to spend) the whole day in the country if the weather (not to change).

14. I wish I (to be) a third-year student.

15. You look as if you (to spend) a whole month in the South.

16. I insisted we should (to discuss) the problems immediately.

17. She seemed greatly surprised as though she never (to see) anything of the kind before.

18. We wish we (to know) each other before.

19. It is understandable that she should (to refuse) the invitation.

20. Why are you looking at me as if you (not to recognize) me?

X. Complete the sentences:

1. You look as if you ….

2. I wish I ….

3. He speaks German as though ….

4. It’s time we ….

5. I suggest that ….

6. We insist that ….

7. The teacher demands that we ….

8. I propose that ….

9. It’s necessary that you ….

10. You drive a car as if ….

XI. Make the following sentences unreal:

1. If I have time tomorrow I will come.

2. He will translate the article if you give him a dictionary.

3. If you understand children you know how to treat them.

4. It will do you good if you spend more time in the open air.

5. If you are in a difficulty I can help you.

6. Will you join us if we invite you?

XII. Answer the following questions:

1. What would you do if you had not entered the University?

2. Where would you go if you had your vacation now?

3. What would you advise your groupmate if he failed in some exam?

4. How would you behave if you lost your way in an unknown town?

5. Whom would you invite if you were given two tickets to your favourite theatre?

6. What would you say if your friend asked you to give him your note-book to copy out the exercises?

7. Would you change your mind about your future profession if you were leaving school this year?

XIII. Open the brackets:

1. They (to serve) the dessert to you as soon as you (to finish) the main course.

2. He (to wait) for you until you (to come) back.

3. I wish I (to know) German.

4. We (to go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine.

5. You (to be) late if you (not to take) a taxi.

6. The unfortunate student wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

7. We (not to have) dinner until you (to come).

8. It (to be) better if you (to come) on time.

9. I wish I (to know) this before.

10. If I (to see) him yesterday I (to tell) him about it.

11. If I (to be) in your place I (not to buy) the tickets beforehand.

12. I wish he (to read) more in the future.

13. If he (to know) the timetable he (to miss) the train.

14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance?

15. If I (to know) you (to come), I (to stay) at home.

XIV. Fill in the blanks choosing the right variant:

1. You _______ better if you _______ more attentive yesterday at the conference.

a) would have spoken / had been;

b) would speak / had been;

c) would have spoken / were.

2. If he _______ the situation last Monday, he _______ differently.

a) understood / would act;

b) had understood / would have acted;

c) understood / would have acted.

3. He still have some time. He ________ the train if he ______.

a) could have caught / made haste;

b) could catch / had made haste;

c) could catch / made haste.

4. If I ________ you, I ________ the matter settled.

a) were / would consider;

b) had been / would consider;

c) were / would have considered.

5. If only he _______ here now, he _______ you how to do it.

a) was / could tell;

b) were / could tell;

c) were / could have told.

6. If he ______ in your place, he ________ as you do.

a) had been / would think;

b) were / would think;

c) was / would think.

7. He ________ it if you _______ him with the car yesterday.

a) would not have done / had not helped;

b) would not do / had not helped;

c) would not have done / did not help.

8. If he ________ present at the conference last Monday, he _______.

a) was / might have objected;

b) had been / might have objected;

c) were / might have objected.

9. She ________ to see you if she _______ in the afternoon.

a) would come / were not tired;

b) would have come / were not tired;

c) will come / were not tired.

10. If ______ the tickets before twelve o’clock yesterday, I _______ straight home.

a) had got / could come;

b) got / could have come;

c) had got / could have come.

XV. Choose the right variant:

1. I wish we ______ under these trees before the rain started.

a) had got;

b) got;

c) will get.

2. I wish she _______ earlier yesterday.

a) came;

b) had come;

c) has come.

3. I wish you _______ my garden at its best.

a) see;

b) will see;

c) had seen.

4. I wish he ______ present here yesterday.

a) were;

b) had been;

c) was.

5. If only telephone ________ out of order this morning!

a) was;

b) were;

c) had not been.

6. If only she ______ to my directions last Monday.

a) had listened;

b) listened;

c) listen.

7. I wish I _______ to carry that heavy box!

a) didn’t have;

b) don’t have;

c) will not have.

8. If only the hens _______ into the house yesterday!

a) did not get;

b) do not have;

c) had not got.

9. If only I _______ you would have come!

a) know;

b) had known;

c) would know.

10. I wish you ______ more slowly at the yesterday’s meeting

a) had spoken;

b) spoke;

c) has spoken.

XVI. Translate into English:

1. Я бы на вашем месте поступила на подготовительное отделение факультета.

2. Если бы я сдала вступительные экзамены успешно, я бы сейчас училась на первом курсе.

3. Жаль, что он делает так много ошибок в английском языке.

4. Если бы не ваша помощь, я бы провалился на экзамене по английскому языку.

5. Если бы я поступила в институт четыре года тому назад, я бы его окончила в будущем году.

6. Он бы справился с этим заданием, даже если бы оно было вдвое труднее.

7. Если бы расписание изменилось, нас бы предупредили.

8. Хорошо бы сейчас было лето.

9. Если бы вы сдали сессию успешно, вы бы получали стипендию.

10. Его доклад мог быть намного интереснее, если бы он использовал дополнительную литературу.

11. Очень важно, чтобы все присутствовали на собрании.

12. Как жаль, что я не смогла поехать на экскурсию.

13. Он продолжал спорить, как будто не слышал, что мы сказали.

14. Он сожалел, что не рассказал нам об этом раньше.

15. Желательно, чтобы студенты использовали каждую возможность говорить по-английски.

XVII. What is the English for?:

1. Она говорила так, как будто отвечала на экзамене.

2. Если бы мне задали этот вопрос, я бы сумела на него ответить.

3. Он все равно узнал бы, что случилось, даже если бы вы ему ничего не сказали.

4. Вам необходимо больше читать вслух.

5. Концерт был неинтересный, она пожалела, что пришла.

6. Если бы кто-нибудь изобрел средство, с помощью которого можно было бы навсегда покончить с лондонскими туманами, то нашлись бы лондонцы, которые заявили бы протест, так как туманы – это лондонская традиция, и без тумана Лондон, с их точки зрения, перестал бы быть Лондоном.

7. Юмор англичан – это общепринятая манера общения между людьми, даже если они не знакомы друг с другом.

8. Если бы система среднего образования в Британии не была бы такой сложной, ее бы было легче понять иностранцам.

9. Если погода будет теплая, мы поедем на море.

10. Если я куплю билеты в театр, мы увидим новую пьесу известного писателя.

11. Я предлагаю подготовить все заранее.

12. Если ты позвонишь мне заранее, я постараюсь не опоздать.

13. Как бы мне хотелось знать правду.

14. Если бы погода будет теплая этим летом, мы поедем на море.

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