Answer the questions

Answer the questions

1. What do you think what type of terrorism is the most dangerous for people? Why do you think so? Prove your point of view.

2. What do you think what punishment is appropriate for each type of terrorism?

3. What other crimes can be considered to be terrorism?

Visit the website address given below and listen to the conversation about Global security & terrorism

http://www.podfeed.net/episode/Global+Security++Terrorism+-+Part+1+ The+Concerns+of+Governments/100890

1. Is it possible to say that national defense is restricted within one country?

2. Why politicians are more aware of terrorism than ordinary people?

3. What is the main aim of Al-Kaida? (According to the opinion of the speaker?

4. When was the first terrorist attack of World Trade Center?

5. What is the aim of international cooperation of terrorists?

6. Is there a chance that Al-Kaida will administer the world?

7. Does All-Kaida represent a global threat to all governments?

1. Is it possible to prevent terrorism?

2. Does the developing weapon industry impact on rising terrorism?

3. How can people defend themselves from terrorism?

4. Are you satisfied from how do security people and the police work in society?

Terrorism as a misfortune for the whole world

Terrorism, the threat or use of violence, often against the civilian population, to achieve political or social ends, to intimidate opponents, or to publicize grievances. The term dates from the Reign of Terror (1793-94) in the French Revolution but has taken on additional meaning in the 20th cent. Terrorism involves activities such as assassinations, bombings, random killings, and hijackings. Used for political, not military, purposes, and most typically by groups too weak to mount open assaults, it is a modern tool of the alienated, and its psychological impact on the public has increased because of extensive coverage by the media. Political terrorism also may be part of a government campaign to eliminate the opposition, as under Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, and others, or may be part of a revolutionary effort to overthrow a regime. Terrorist attacks also are now a common tactic in guerrilla warfare. Governments find attacks by terrorist groups difficult to prevent; international agreements to tighten borders or return terrorists for trial may offer some deterrence.

Building a counter-terrorism plan involves all segments of a society or many government agencies. In dealing with foreign terrorists, the lead responsibility is usually at the national level. Because propaganda and indoctrination lie at the core of terrorism, understanding their profile and functions increases the ability to counter terrorism more effectively.

Most counter-terrorism strategies involve an increase in standard police and domestic intelligence. The central activities are traditional: interception of communications, and the tracing of persons. New technology has, however, expanded the range of military and law enforcement operations.

Domestic intelligence is often directed at specific groups, defined on the basis of origin or religion, which is a source of political controversy. Mass surveillance of an entire population raises objections on civil liberties grounds.

To select the effective action when terrorism appears to be more of an isolated event, the appropriate government organizations need to understand the source, motivation, methods of preparation, and tactics of terrorist groups. Good intelligence is at the heart of such preparation, as well as political and social understanding of any grievances that might be solved. Ideally, one gets information from inside the group, a very difficult challenge for HUMINT because operational terrorist cells are often small, with all members known to one another, perhaps even related.

Counterintelligence is a great challenge with the security of cell-based systems, since the ideal, but nearly impossible, goal is to obtain a clandestine source within the cell. Financial tracking can play a role, as can communications intercept, but both of these approaches need to be balanced against legitimate expectations of privacy.

In 1999 the UN Security Council unanimously called for better international cooperation in fighting terrorism and asked governments not to aid terrorists. On 11 September 2001, in the most murderous terrorist attack American history had yet witnessed, almost three thousand people were killed. Nineteen Middle Eastern terrorists hijacked four airplanes; one crashed into the Pentagon, two destroyed the twin towers of New York City's World Trade Center, and one, possibly headed for the White House, crashed in a wooded area of Pennsylvania. Although the hijackers left no message, they were clearly motivated by hatred of the United States and by a desire to force a change in American policy in the Middle East.

Dedicated to the scientific study of terrorism and political violence, the International Center for the Study of Terrorism (ICST) engages in research, teaching and training activities that are international in scope and multidisciplinary in nature. The Center is committed to promoting and engaging in data-driven empirical research performed to the highest academic standards. With its hub at The Pennsylvania State University, the Center also functions around a core of Universities that comprise the Worldwide Universities Network. Using the global structure and capabilities of this network, the Center encourages collaboration, information sharing, dialog and debate across geographical and disciplinary boundaries. Mission: the social and behavioral sciences have tremendous potential for advancing our knowledge and understanding of terrorism and for developing policy-relevant programs and interventions to reduce and control terrorism and its effects. Much of the solution to making progress in combating terrorism will derive from the application of perspectives, theories, methods and results from the social and behavioral sciences to questions from basic and applied research on the roots of terrorism, the effects of terrorism and the most effective means of responding to terrorism.

The mission of ICST is to engage in and promote the scientific study of terrorism and political violence. In doing so, ICST creates multidisciplinary, cross-national research teams, drawing strongly but not exclusively from the social and behavioral sciences, to respond to needs and opportunities in the broad areas of terrorism and counterterrorism. The overarching goal of ICST is to provide actionable knowledge and a conceptual basis to policy-relevant and operational counterterrorism activity.

The Counter-Terrorism Rewards Program, administered by the United States Department of State offers monetary compensation for individuals who volunteer information that leads to the location, capture, and trial of suspected terrorists. The program also seeks information relevant to finances, assets, and plans of terrorist organizations. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) work closely with the Department of State to investigate all information garnered through the Counter-Terrorism Rewards Program. In 1998, after the bombing of United States embassies in East Africa, the Department of State raised the maximum reward for information to $5 million. The United States government further promises to aid and relocate informants whose disclosure of information places themselves, and their family, in jeopardy.

1. What does the term «terrorism» mean?

2. What does building of a counter-terrorism plan involve?

3. Describe the terror act happened 11 September 2001.

4. What are the main aims of the International Center for the Study of Terrorism?

Дата добавления: 2017-01-13