International situation in the Far East in the early 20th century was determined by 2 страница

		Austria and Prussia
		Russia

137. According to the decisions of the Paris Congress of 1856:

		Russia gave up part of Bessarabia
		The Black Sea was neutralized

138. Russian failed missions to China in the 17th century:

		Mission led by F.Baikov in 1654
		Mission led by N.Spapharia in 1675

139. According to the 1689Russo-Chinese Treaty of Nerchink:

		Russia gave up the area along the banks of the Amur’s upstream
		China took obligation to assist the Russo-Chinese trade

140. According to the 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta:

		Nerchinsk and Kyakhta became the centers of duty free trade
		Russia got the right to send merchants’ caravans to Peking once in three years

141. Accordingtothe1842TreatyofNanking:

		FiveportsinChinawereopenedforforeign trade
		HongKongwascededtoBritain“in perpetuity”

142. According to the 1858 Treaties of Tianjin:

		foreign merchants were allowed to navigate freely on the Yangtze River
		Christianmissionaryactivityin China wasallowed

143. The major events in international relations in 1858:

		TreatiesofTianjinbetweenChinaandforeignpowersweresigned
		Treaty of Aigun was signed between Russia and China

144. Shogun’sdecisionabout “seclusion of Japan” in the mid of 17th century included:

		Japanese were prohibited to leave the country
		Any political and religious propagandawasstrictlyforbidden

145. Japan’sstrengtheninginthemidof 19thcenturywas used by the U.S. in order to:

		strengthen own positions in China and establish own presence in Korea
		establish own presence in the Russian Far East

146. The first Japan-U.S. Treaty, 1854:

		markedtheendofJapan’s period of seclusion
		opened two ports for foreign trade

147. Accordingtothe1813 TreatyofGulistan:

		Russiawas grantedexclusiverightstostationits military fleet in the Caspian Sea
		Bothcountriesagreed on the establishment of free trade

148. Steps for establishing thecapitulations regime in Iran:

		1763 Anglo-Persian Treaty and 1801Anglo-Persian Treaty
		1813 Treaty of Gulistan

149. Accordingtothe1828 TreatyofTurkmanchay:

		Percia ceded control of Erivan and Nakchivan Khanates to Russia
		Persia was obliged to pay contribution to Russia

150. Causes of Russo-Persian wars in the beginning of the 19th century:

		Russia’s expansion in the South Caucasus
		Interference of Russia in the protection of the Caucasian nations

151. Accordingtothe1841 Anglo-PersianTreaty,Englandwas given privilege to have own trade agents in:

		Tabriz
		Teheran and Kabul

152. ThecommonfeaturesofvassalrelationsofIndian princes with the British East India Company in the first half of the 19th century:

		Refusal from diplomatic relations with other nations
		Payment of tribute to the Company

153. The methods used by Britain in order to strengthen its positions in India

		Formed alliances with the local feudal princes
		Exasperated enmity between Indians and Muslims

154. The rulerofAfghanistanDostMohammadKhanin 1863 captured:

		Kandahar and Kabul
		Heart

155. The first half of the 19 th century for the Unites States was characterized:

		Formation of foreign policy doctrine
		Strengtheningof colonization of territories in the Northern America

156. The territorial expansion of the United States on the North American continent was

		From the Atlantic till the Pacific coast
		From the north till the south

157. The aim of «the Monroe Doctrine»

		Strengtheningindependent international position of the US
		Strengthening the US role in America

158. In the last decade of the 18th century the United States

		Strengthened trade and military navy
		Established Department of the Navy

159. The key provisions of the «Monroe Doctrine»:

		America for Americans
		Non-interference of the European powers into the Unites States internal affairs

160. The importance of Anglo-American War for the USA

		The United States strengthened its independence
		The Unted Stated united the American nation

161. In the first half of the 19th century, the United States expanded its territory through:

		annexation
		purchases

162. Themainaimsofthe "Young Italy" movement are

		The united democratic republic
		Fight against Austria

163. Themainaimsoftheliberalmovementof Italy in the mid of the 19th century:

		To ally with France against Austria
		Annexation of Lombardy, Venetia and the Central Italy by the Kingdom of Sardinia

164. SardiniawassupportedduringtheSecond Italian War of Independence of 1859 by

		Parma and Modena
		Tuskany

165. The result of the national-liberation war of 1859-1870 in Italy

		Liberating thenorth-eastern Italy from Austrian rule
		The creation of the nation state in the form of monarchy

166. ThemajorresultsoftheSecond Schleswig War

		Denmark’scessionoftheDuchiesof Schleswig, Holstein to Prussia and Austria
		The Austrian administration was formed in Holstein, and Prussian administration was formed in Schleswig

167. The major events in the process of the unification of Germany in 1866

		Austria-Prussian War ended
		The North German Confederation was formed

168. According to the 1866 Treaty of Prague:

		PrussiagainedSchleswig and Holstein
		The Habsburgs were excluded from the German affairs

169. The major events in the period of the unification of Germany in 1871

		The war between France and Prussia ended, and Treaty of Frankfurt was signed
		German Empire was formed

170. The result of the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War

		France lost Alsace
		France lost Lorraine

171. Accordingto the 1871 London Convention

		The straits were closed for foreign military ships
		Russia’s rights on the Black Sea were restored

172. Themostactiveparticipantsof the events that took place in Balkans in the 1870s

		Austro-Hungary and Great Britain
		Russia

173. Accordingtothe 1878 Treaty of San-Stefano

		Russia gained southern-western part of Bessarabia
		Romania gained the Northern Dobruja

174. According the 1878 Treaty of Berlin

		TheVilayetofBosniawasplacedunder Austro-Hungarian occupation
		The town of Bayazid was returned to the Ottomans

175. Provisionsofthe1878 TreatyofBerlin led to:

		Serbo-Bulgarian War
		Bosnia crisis and Balkan Wars

176. PreconditionsforformationofAustro-German Alliance, 1879

		Worsening of Russo-German relations
		Customs War between Germany and Russia

177. Outcomes of the Spanish-American War of 1898

		SpainlostallAntilles
		Spain lost Guam

178. The major aims of foreign policy of Italy in 1870s

		To prevent threat of diplomatic isolation
		To establish relations with Germany

179. The major international events in 1878

		Treaty of San-Stefano was signed between Russia and the Ottoman Empire
		Congress of Berlin

180. The major international events in 1867

		The purchase of Alaska
		The first British dominion in Canada was established

181. 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki

		China recognized independence of Korea
		China cededPeskadores Groupto Japan

182. The major events in the sphere of colonial rivalry in 1898:

		Spanish-American War
		Philippines became U.S. colony

183. ResultsofAnglo-BoerWarof 1899-1902:

		Boer republics were defeated
		RepublicofTransvaal was included in the British Empire

184. According to the Boxer Protocol of 1901

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