IV.Translate the following word combinations

III. Define the part of speech.

II.Answer the following questions.

Commentary and Notes to the text

1. transfer [træn(t)s'fɜː ], [trɑːn-] перевозить, транспортировать, переправлять; перенос; перемещение

2. inland ['ɪnlənd] внутренняя часть страны

3. predictability [prı͵dıktəʹbılıtı] предсказуемость

4. availability [əˌveɪlə'bɪlətɪ] доступность, возможность использования

5. indispensable [ˌɪndɪ'spensəbl] необходимый, незаменимый

6. bulk [bʌlk] основная масса, большая часть (чего-л.)

7. shipment['ʃɪpmənt]груз; партия товара; погрузка; отправка (товаров)

8. haulier ['hɔːlɪə] перевозчик (фирма, занимающаяся перевозкой грузов автомобильным или железнодорожным транспортом); (человек, занимающийся перевозкой грузов автомобильным или железнодорожным транспортом)

9. freight rates [ʹfreıtreıts] грузовой тариф

10. train ferry ['treɪnˌferɪ] железнодорожный паром

11. undertake [ˌʌndə'teɪk] предпринимать, совершать; (undertake for) брать на себя ответственность за (что-л.)

12. engage [ɪn'geɪʤ ], [en-] заказывать; нанимать

13. consignment [kən'saɪnmənt] партия отправленного или прибывшего товара, груз; консигнационная отправка товаров; транспортная накладная, фактура

14. perishable ['perɪʃəbl] скоропортящийся, скоропортящийся товар, груз perishables like fish and flowers — скоропортящиеся товары наподобие рыбы и цветов

1. Does traffic include transfer of people, goods, information and energy?

2. How can goods be carried by?

3. What factors influence the quality of transport services?

4. What makes rail transportation economical for large shipments sent long distance?

5. What is the main advantage of air transport?

6. Is air transport used only to transportation of small, valuable consignment, perishables, and goods urgently needed?

7. Sea transport is best suited to the carriage of large quantities of bulk goods, isn’t it?

1. cost, costly, costing, costs, costless, to cost

2. ship, shipment, shipped, shipping, shipper

3. competitor, competition, compete, competing.

Transport services, transport system, rail transport costs, insurance company, inland transportation, freight rates, supply-and-demand market, road network, train ferry services, money loan, road vehicles, tanker lorries, road carriers, the door-to-door service, price warfare.

V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.

1. It is impossible that all these calculations be made in time.

2. It is necessary to draw up a plan that will provide work throughout the year.

3. It was the issued stocks that allowed the company to accumulate the necessary money for the new project.

4. It is necessary that we take an inventory studies of the capital assets.

5. It is the law of supply and demand that influences the retail price.

6. It is desirable that they keep accurate records about every transaction.

7. It was our director who spoke about the losses of the company.

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