NounsSchool, College, Hospital, etc

Names of Languages.

Names of Meals.

The group includes the nouns breakfast, lunch, dinner,.supper, lea. Names of meals are generally used without any articles.
e.g. They met for dinner.

John came to lunch at the appointed time.

The definite article is used with names of meals in a definite situation or if there is a limiting attribute.

e.g. The supper was very different from the one of the evening before.
The lunch we ate at the hotel dining-room was quite decent.

The indefinite article is used when names of meals are modified by descriptive attributes.

e.g. We can get a good supper here.
He had a light breakfast.

Names of languages are used without any articles when the name is not
followed by the word language.

e.g. She knows English and French.
BUT: What's the English for словник?

6 .Names of Diseases.

This group includes a number of uncountable nouns, e.g. pneumonia, influenza (flu in colloquial English,), scarlet fever, cholera, mumps, measles. etc.

Names of diseases generally take no article.
e.g. She was suffering from diabetes.

"It sounds like acute appendicitis. " Mr.Jones said.

The definite article is used when the speaker refers to some particular case or if there is a limiting attribute.
e.g. After the diphtheria Jane felt very weak and depressed.
Also mark the following expressions used in everyday life:

	a headache
	a toothache
	a stomachache
	a pain in the back, in the knee,
to have	etc.
	a cold
	a sore throat
	a heart attack
	a boil
	a bruise

The nouns school, college, hospital, prison, university, bed, table, church and sometimes market take no article when they denote activities associated with these places. Thus hospital comes to denote treatment, prison- unishment, school- studies, bed- sleep, etc.
e.g. He would be sent to prison if he were caught.

It was eleven o'clock. Annette was still in bed.

I asked her to tell me who all the people at table were. The most common expressions with these nouns are:

hospital

to be in bed

to go to prison (Jail)

church

(the) market

When these nouns denote a building or an object they are used with the
definite or indefinite article in accordance with the general rules for countable
nouns.

e.g. They had a hospital in the town during the war.
The road to the prison was blocked by policemen.
I softly drew the chair to the bed and jet down.

8. The Noun Town.

The noun town takes no article when it is used in contrast with country or
when it means the business center of a town.

e.g. to be in town, to go to town, to live in town, to come back to town, to stay in town, to leave town, etc.

e.g. She was sitting on the porch waiting for her husband to come from town.
Next day I went back to town.

In other cases the noun town is used with the definite or the indefinite
article according to the general rules.

e.g. The town was decorated with flags for the Prime Minister's visit.

We decided to spend the summer in a sea-side town.
NOTE. The noun country as an antonym to town takes the definite article (to go to the country, to be in the country, etc.)
e.g. It is pleasant to spend the summer in the country.

9. Articles with Nouns in Some Common Expressions.

Ø Names of musical instruments are used with the definite article when we speak about them in a general way.
e.g. He plays t he piano well.

Ø Nouns denoting means of transport take no article when they are use with the preposition by.

to go		train
		plane
to come		boat
to leave	by	bus
to travel		bicycle
■		coach

Ø In other by-phrases expressing manner or instrument nouns take no articl
either: by air, by land, by post, by mail, by phone, by telegraph, by hand, b
accident, by sight, by chance, by mistake, etc.

Ø Nouns of various meanings are used without any article in prepositions
phrases such as: in detail, in person, at hand, on deck, on foot, on leave, o.
holiday, on vocation, etc.

Ø The definite article is usually used with the expressions to go to (to be a:
the cinema, the theater, the pictures, the movies (Am E), to be on at the cinemc
the. pictures, the movies (Am E).

e.g. What's on at the pictures?

When did you go to the cinema last?

Ø Names of games take no article in combination with the verb to play (l
play tennis, cricket, volley-ball, hockey, cards, billiards, etc.)

e.g. He learned to play tennis at the age of six.

They played billiards from morning till night.

10.Articles with Geographic Names.

ü Names of continents are used without any article: Europe, Asia, Africc
Australia, South America, North America.

No article is used either when names of continents are modified by sue
attributes as northern, southern, eastern, western, central, Latin, etc.
e.g. Northern Europe, Central Africa, Latin America, etc.

BUT we say the Antarctic (regions) meaning the land and the sea round th
South Pole.

ü Names of countries, provinces, cities, towns and villages are, as a rule
used without any article.

e.g. France, China, California, Rome, Brighten, Kyyiv, Oslo, London.

Some of these names are traditionally used with the definite article.
e.g. The USA, the United Kingdom, the Lebanon, the Crimea, the Caucasus
the Riviera, the Hague.

If these names are modified by a limiting attribute the definite article is used
e.g. In «lvanhoe» Walter Scott describes the England of the Middle Ages.

ü Names of oceans, seas, straits, channels, rivers and lakes are used with
the definite article.

e.g. The Pacific ocean, the Indian ocean, the Baltic sea, the Black sea, the
Mediterranean sea, the Magellan strait, the English Channel, the Suez Canal, the;
Dnieper, the Thames, the Ontario, etc.

BUT when names of lakes are preceded by the noun lake no article is used.
e.g. Lake Baikal, Lake Ontario, Lake Ladoga, Lake Michigan.

ü Names of bays are generally have no article.
e.g. Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay, etc.

ü Names of peninsulas have no article if the proper name is used alone.
e.g. Indo-China, Scandinavia, Kamchatka.

The definite article is used when the noun peninsula is mentioned.
e.g. The Balkan Peninsula, the Kola Peninsula.

ü Names of groups of islands are used with the definite article.
e.g. The Philippines, the Bahamas, the Bermudas, the British Isles, etc.
BUT with names of separate islands no article is used.
e.g. Haiti, Cyprus, Newfoundland, Great Britain, Madagascar, etc.

ü Names of mountain chains are used with the definite article.
e.g. The Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Urals, etc.
BUT with names of separate mountain peaks no article is used.
e.g Elbrus, Mont Blanc, Ben Nevis, etc.

ü Names of falls are generally used with the definite article.
e.g. The Niagara Falls, the Swallow Falls, etc.

ü Names of cardinal points are used with the definite article: the East, the
West, the South, the North.

BUT. From East to West, from North to South.

ü Names of deserts are generally used with the definite article,
e.g. The Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara-Kum, etc.

NOTE. The definite article is always used with the combination
a common noun+of+a proper name

e.g. The City of New York, the village of Grashmere, the Cape of Good Hope,
the Gulf of Mexico, the Strait of Gibraltar, the Bay of Biscay, the Lake of
Geneva, etc.

Дата добавления: 2017-01-14