Контрольная работа № 2

ВАРИАНТ 2

Задание 1: Прочтите и переведите весь текст устно. Перепишите в свой словарь незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переводом. К собеседованию подготовьте контрольное чтение и перевод всего текста. Переведите письменно 4 абзац.

TEXT

James Watt

James Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Scotland. The boy had a very good memory and a natural love of work. His mother taught him to read and his father taught him arithmetic and writing. The boy was ill and for a long time couldn’t go to school. But little James liked mathematics and was fond of designing and making things.

Some time later the boy was able to go to school, where he studied a lot of subjects. He became good at languages and mathematics. At the age of 14 James read the famous book by I. Newton “Elements of Natural Philosophy”. He continued to read books on other scientific subjects: chemistry, medicine and anatomy. He made a small electrical apparatus and studied how steam could be condensed.

When James Watt was 18 he decided to become a professional instrument-maker. He went to London to study this trade. After he had studied in London he went to Glasgow where he was going to work. Glasgow University asked him to put into good working order some valuable instruments. His work was so good that he was allowed to call himself mathematical instrument-maker of the University.

Once he was asked to repair a model of an atmospheric-steam engine. He decided to improve this model and had to work for several years to solve all the problems. In October 1781 James Watt made a still better engine. This was a rotative engine. It could run machines. It was a great invention of that time. The rotative engine became the basis of industry. It could do many operations. Watt made several other inventions. The most important of that was his copying machine. Watt’s copying machine was used all over the country for about 100 years. Many years of his fruitful scientific work were connected with Glasgow University. Glasgow University awarded James Watt with the honorary degree of Doctor of Law

Задание 2: Найдите в словаре значение следующих слов и словосочетаний, выпишите их с транскрипцией и выучите. Знание слов и словосочетаний будет проверяться на собеседовании:

1) an instrument-maker

2) to put into order

3) to improve

4) a steam engine

5) to solve a problem

6) an invention

7) to become a basis

8) to run (a machine, etc.)

9) a copying machine

10) to award

Задание 3: Дайте письменный ответ на следующий вопрос к тексту:

1. What inventions of James Watt are described in the text?

Задание 4: Спишите предложения, определите в каждом из них время и залог сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The attraction between the molecules is being neglected.

2. The researcher will obtain data experimentally.

3. Our laboratory has developed new methods of work this year.

Задание 5: Спишите предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. We shall be able to make all the measurements with the help of this instruments.

2. He must work hard now to catch up with the group.

3. X-rays may penetrate black paper.

Задание 6: Спишите предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение глаголов “to be”, “to have”.

1. You have to devote much time to your studies.

2. The rate of any reaction is effected by many factors.

3. We have many books on this problem at our library.

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