Контрольная работа № 2

ВАРИАНТ 3

Задание 1: Прочтите и переведите весь текст устно. Перепишите 3-й абзац текста, переведите его письменно. К собеседованию подготовьте контрольное чтение и перевод всего текста. Выпишите все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переводом в словарь.

TEXT

Isaak Newton

Isaak Newton was born in England in 1642. In his youth he was known as a “silent, thinking boy”. But this boy was to become a professor of physics, a great scientist, a Member of Parliament and President of the Royal Society.

Ever since schooldays Isaak had been an experimenter. He wanted particularly to understand the events that took place naturally in the world around him. At the age of 19 he entered Cambridge University where he displaced remarkable ability in science. At 26 Newton became a professor at the University. His main interests were mathematics, electrical mechanics and physical optics.

One of the greatest discoveries in the history of mankind was Newton’s discovery of Universal gravitation. In 1666 while sitting in the garden in his native village he noticed by chance that an apple fell from a tree. This fact turned his mind to the problem of gravitation. However, it was not easy to carry on scientific investigations about three hundred years ago and it took Newton about twenty years to complete his theory of gravitation. Due to the laws of gravity he was able to explain the motion of the planets and many mysteries of the structure of the Universe.

Newton was the first to realize the elliptical path of comets and was the discoverer of the three basic laws of motion which are the foundation of practical mechanics. Newton’s Laws of Motion are based upon his own and Galileo’s experiments. His laws of motion are to be modified when speed approaches that of light. However for all practical purposes these laws are true to this day, but they only part of Newton’s contribution to physical science.

Newton’s crowning achievement, ’’ The Principia ’’(’’ Начала’’) published in 1687 was compared to a sunrise due to its tremendous importance to science.

Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey in London.

Задание 2: Найдите в словаре значение следующих слов и словосочетаний, выпишите их с транскрипцией и выучите. Знание слов и словосочетаний будет проверяться на собеседовании:

to complete, law, motion, Universe, universal gravitation, mystery, to realize, elliptical path, to modify, speed, to approach, crowning achievement, to be buried.

Задание 3: Дайте письменный ответ на следующий вопрос к тексту.

What great Newton’s achievements are described in the text?

Задание 4: Спишите предложения, определите в каждом из них время и залог сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Scientists have worked out special equipment for this purpose.

2. The students were shown the latest types of electronic devices.

3. The sphere of practical laser application is widening constantly.

Задание 5: Спишите предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. Newton could not return to the University and had to study at his mother’s house for several months.

2. We are to take into consideration all advantages and disadvantages of the new system.

3. This article must be translated without a dictionary.

Задание 6: Спишите предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение глаголов “to be”, “to have”.

1. There was to be a very interesting lecture at our Institute.

2. My friend has entered our Institute this year.

3. As the results were unsatisfactory he had to make the experiment once more.

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