Ex. 3. Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any item and make up a sentence.

To operate in accordance … smth/ smb; to pave the way … smth; to be introduced … smb; to be relevant … smth; to be compatible … smth; to be known … smth; to be committed … smth; to meet the needs … smb; to provide smb … smth; to bring smth in line … smth.

Ex. 4. Match these sentence halves [21] and translate.

	Knowledge changes so fast that	a	in order to understand better one’s career preferences.
	If we are able to make Russian degrees fully recognizable,	b	will automatically make Russian universities competitive.
	To compete successfully in the global education market	c	it is necessary to improve the content and quality of university programs.
	It would be wrong to assume that the adoption of the two-tier system	d	the simple memorization of texts and formulae is perfectly useless.
	In light of the sharp demographic challenges Russia faces in the coming years	e	it is crucial to offer them the chance to change course and even institution.
	It is very useful to gain work experience before commencing a master’s degree	f	many people will in fact return to Russia.
	As students move from bachelor’s to master’s,	g	it is extremely important to attract foreign students to our universities.

Ex. 5. Complete the text [22] using the correct alternatives.

While the calls for the “urgent modernization” of Russian higher education are not new, the key question is whether recent reforms will have a positive 1) ………………. on the sector in the current economic and social climate. Russia has been striving to make up the loss in higher education that occurred during the severe 2)……………… during the post-Soviet transition period. Although a number of initiatives have been implemented, such as the creation of federal universities and national research universities, 3)……………. on education as a percentage of gross domestic product has not changed considerably since 2005. But today, international pressures are contributing to the 4)…………. of the need for reforms. Concentrating finance on developing flagship universities could alleviate regional higher education 5)…………. and provide resources to strategic research initiatives, as well as setting them on the road to becoming internationally prominent institutions. However, attention should be paid to the development of other, non-status universities and to the quality of working conditions for teaching and research 6)………………… in the higher education system. Whether the proposed plans for Russian higher education will turn into reality will depend on the 7)…………… of these reforms and on Russia’s economic situation. The 8)……….. seems positive.

	a) impact	b) affect	c) influence	d) uproot
	a) slump	b) recession	c) stagnation	d) recovery
	a) cost	b) disbursement	c) expenditure	d) tariff
	a) emergency	b) topicality	c) extremity	d) urgency
	a) inequalities	b) distinctions	c) contrasts	d) differences
	a) workforce	b) staff	c) contingent	d) folks
	a)introduction	b) promotion	c) implementation	d) penetration
	a) horizons	b) future	c) perspective	d) outlook

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