Use an English-English dictionary to help yourself. Fill in the correct word.

Ex. 2. What is the difference between

• basic research and action research?
• basic research and applied research?
• extensive research and intensive research?
• effective research and efficient research?

1… …………………research (обширное = охватывающее большое количество данных и информации) is empirical and concrete. Large samples are taken to capture variabilities.

2……………………research (интенсивное = требующее многих усилий, больших вычислений, активных действий), unlike extensive research, is much more in depth and often leads to case studies research.

3. According to Sayer (Sayer 1992, 241-251), the distinction between intensive research versus extensive research is more along the scale of depth versus breadth. ……….. research (интенсивное) is concerned with causal process and how it works out in a certain number of cases. ………… research (обширное), which, according to Sayer is more common, concerns itself with finding out common properties and patterns of a certain phenomenon taken as a whole.

4……………………. (экспериментальное) research is carried out to prove a scientific issue.

5…………………… research (базовое = фундаментальное, теоретическое) is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are.

6. An …………………research (эффективное = успешное, результативное) gains the results that were intended.

7. An …………………research (эффективное = продуктивное, хорошо организованное) is carried out in a well-organized way, i.e. in the least amount of time and effort necessary.

8. ……………….research (фундаментальное) is one that adds to the already present body of knowledge in a subject of study, while …………………. research (прикладное) seems to be more useful for us as it helps in the creation of new, improved goods, drugs or any other thing that is helpful in a way for us.

IDIOMS

Ex. 3. What does connecting the dots mean? You must have tried to do it. Actually, it’s a popular children's activity in which a picture can be seen when you draw lines to connect numbered dots. Read the abstract from the Commencement speech delivered by Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple Computer Co, in 2005 [33]. Can you guess the meaning of the expression? Compare your answer to the dictionary entry.

“You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life”.

connect the dots

to understand the relationship between different ideas or experiences

(From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs) [34]

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