Commonly confused words

VOCABULARY

Ex. 3. Discuss the questions.

STARTING UP

Conducting Research

UNIT 7.

Ex. 1. Look at these sayings. What do they mean? Which of the ideas do you agree with?

• Scientific research consists in seeing what everyone else has seen, but thinking what no one else has thought.

Albert Szent-Györgyi (1893 – 1986), Hungarian physiologist

• If we knew what we were doing, it wouldn’t be research.

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955), German physicist

• To write it, it took three months; to conceive it three minutes; to collect the data in it all my life.

F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 – 1840), American writer

Ex. 2. Which of the words and phrases below express your idea of research best?

reliable time-taking challenging

original expensive useful

academic high-risk accurate

helpful to the society complicated applicable to market problems

1. How do people become scientists? Do many people become scientists? Why so? What features should a scientist possess? Use the following words to help you

inquisitive

explorative

intelligent

analytical

creative

persistent

1. Think about human curiosity. Does it have limits? Should it have? Who is more curious – a scientist or a child?
2. What is the difference between a scientist and a researcher? Is a researcher also a scientist or is a scientist a researcher? Is a researcher something more than a scientist, or just a type of scientist?
3. Should societies support and care in a special way about these two categories of their members? Why?

Ex. 1. Scientist, Researcher or Scholar? Read the information in the box [32] and underline the correct word in the sentences below.

· A scientist is also a researcher as he tests hypothesis and verifies observations and facts. Usually an expert in a science, especially physical or natural sciences. · A researcher is a generic term for a person who may study a subject for a better understanding of facts, and he may be a scientist or a scholar in his field. · If a person conducts research not in sciences but in the field of religion, law or liberal arts, he is called a research scholar and not a research scientist. · A scholar is also used for someone who has been awarded scholarship.

1. A scientist/ researcher is a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences.

2. IIASA’s (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) annual 3-month Young Scientists Summer Program (YSSP) offers research opportunities to talented young researchers/ scientists whose interests correspond with IIASA’s ongoing research on issues of global environmental, economic and social change.

3. IBM computer scholars/ scientists have been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation in a broad range of research areas.

4. Scientists/ scholars perform research toward a more comprehensive understanding of nature, including physical, mathematical and social realms.

5. A Visiting Scholar/Researcher is generally a Professor of Law at another institution; a Visiting Scientist/Researcher is generally someone who is working towards a graduate degree or doing postgraduate work at another institution.

6. Scholarships are awarded by Buransky Research Foundation to recognize outstanding researchers/ scholars specializing in food engineering and sensory science.

7. One of the most famous scientists/ scholars in genetics, Frederick Sanger established the amino acid sequence, which identified a greater understanding of the polypeptides of insulin.

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