Is a structured set of interrelated lexical variants with different denotational and connotational meanings

The Semantic Structure of a Word

Is the implied information

Implicational meaning

Magnificent, gorgeous, splendid, superb.

Evaluative connotation

An emotional (affective) connotation

It fulfills the significative and the communicative functions and is regarded as the central factor in the functioning of the lg.

Names some objects spoken about.

It conceptualizes and classifies our experience and

The lexical meaning of the word is the realization or naming of the notion, emotion or object by means of a definite lg. system subject to the influence of grammar and vocabulary peculiarities of that lg.

Рука- hand, arm, etc.

V. The grouping of meanings is different from a group of notions.

Burn v.t. ‘ destroy by fire’, v.i. ‘be in flames’;

Polysemantic verbs: fire, fly, run, shake, turn, walk, etc;

Show n. ‘the act of showing’, ‘an exhibition’ (derivational motivation).

VI. Notions are mostly international whereas meaning is nationally determined and limited.

Boat-судно, шлюпка, пароход;

Coat- пальто, пиджак, китель;

нога-foot, leg;

The denotative meaning is essentially cognitive:

The connotative meaning is the pragmatic communicative value the word receives, by virtue of where, when, how, by whom, for what purpose and in what contexts it is or may be used. It consists of 4 main types:

· stylistic,

· emotional,

· evaluative and

· expressive (intensifying).

Stylistic connotation concerns:

· the situation in which the word is uttered,

· the social circumstances (formal, familiar, etc.), the social relations btw. the interlocutors (polite, rough),

· the type and purpose of communication (learned, poetic, official, etc.) Horse::steed::nag::gee-gee.

corresponds to emotional situations or the association of the referent with emotions:

“Tired with all this for restful death I cry”.

Beseech “to ask eagerly and anxiously”.

expresses approval or disapproval:

magic (positive):: witchcraft:: sorcery (negative).

Bias words involve ideological viewpoints and are characteristic of the newspaper vocabulary: “Black is beautiful”, “Black Power”,

Backward students< underachievers.

The intensifying (expressive, emphatic) connotation:

Beastly weather, beastly cold (emotional, colloquial, censure, intensity).

· associated with the word it refers to and

· what the speakers know about the referent.

· It is a potential often realized in the derivatives (wolf-wolfish).

Word meaning

Lexico-grammatical meaning Common System of forms and characteristic formulas of semantic and morphological structure and a characteristic set of derivational affixes

- the meaning proper to the linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions

Дата добавления: 2014-01-04