The Semantic Structure of a Polysemantic Word is a structured set of interrelated lexical variants with different denotational and connotational meanings

PRAGMATIC CONNOTATIONS

TYPES OF CONNOTATIONS

ARNOL D	I. Evaluative.
celebrated well known for... notorious
II. Emotional/Effective
anger – indignation - rage
III. Expressive/Intensifying
ire- rage
IV. Stylistic (bookish, formal...)

Emotional Excitement induced by intense displeasure	Indignation	righteous generous intensify of anger
Anger	merely the emotional reaction
Ire	greater intensity (literary)
Rage	adds the implication of lost self-control a sense of frustration, temporary derangement of the mind
Choler	anger (bookish)

A N T R U S H I N A	Of	Cause = causative flush (from modesty, shame) redden (from anger)
Manner Trot - pace
Duration Stare, glimpse
Att. Circumstances peep (through a hole) peer (through the fog)
Att. Features Handsome: fine proportions tall statue Beautiful: classical features & perfect figure Pretty: small delicate features

express judgement of a person/ thing which is contem-plated perceived with sensuous aethetic pleasure	BEAUTIFUL   LOVELY     HANDSOME PRETTY   BONNY   GOOD-LOOKING	the riskiest in significance very strong implication excites the keenest pleasure of senses, mind and soul keen emotional delight rather than intellectual or spiritual but little emotions! a judgement of approval smth pleasant to look upon perfect i n form, taste, proportion pleases by its delicacy, grace, charm rather than elegance, style, perfection + diminutiveness / exquisiteness pleasing qualities: sweetness, simplicity, healthiness, plumpness   handsome, but pretty less expressive than handsome (Br. scot.)
To take rest by a suspension of conscious-ness (mystery-ous state, sleep)	SLEEP KIP NAP DOZE SNOOZE SHUT-EYE	The periodical repose To lie down to sleep intentionally short (slang) Intentionally a short, light sleep esp. in the day-time Falling asleep for a brief period unintentionally naturally casual, slangy are not aware of (coll)

The elements are interrelated due to the existence of some common semantic component. Every meaning is characterized according to:

· the function,

· significative or pragmatic effect

· it has to fulfill denotative and connotative meaning referring the word

· to the extra-linguistic reality;

· to the speaker;

· to other meanings with which it contrasted.

Direct meaning:

it nominates the referent without the help of a context, in isolation:

RUN”to go by moving the legs”;

screen ‘a movable piece of FURNITURE’ (direct):: smoke screen ‘ an object which protects’(fig.)::’a silver-colored sheet’(sec.):: screen actor (abstr.)

(Indirect) Figurative:

the object is named and characterized through its similarity with another object: “ to operate or function”- I run the office;

Дата добавления: 2014-01-04