Partial Correspondences

Complete Correspondence

This case is relatively rare. As a rule these are mono-semantic words, that is, they have one meaning in both languages. Such words can be presented by the following groups:

Semantic group	English word	Russian word
Proper and geographical names	Elizabeth     Great Britain	1) Элизабет (женское имя); 2) библ., рел. Елизавета, Елисавета Великобритания
Scientific and technical terms	paralinguistics thermoionic emission	паралингвистика термоионная эмиссия
Words closed in semantics	(days of the week, months, etc.) Sunday, March	воскресенье, март

However not all the words belonging to these groups refer complete correspondences.

Partial correspondence is the most widely spread case in the process of comparing lexical units of two languages. In this case one word in the SL has several semantic equivalents in the TL. So there are 2 types of partial correspondence:

1) inclusion (включение);

2) overlapping (пересечение).

Inclusion is a case when the amount of meanings in a word is wider in one language than that of its equivalent in the other.

Ex: The Russian noun характер has 3 meanings:

1) the combination of treats and qualities distinguishing the individual nature of a person or thing (тип поведения человека) - character; temper, disposition

Ex: дурной характер — bad temper

тяжелый характер — difficult nature

легкий характер — easy / sweet temper

иметь твердый / сильный характер — have a strong character

2) moral force (твердость, воля) - character

у него есть характер, он человек с характером - he is a man of (strong) character показать характер - show what one is made of; show some muscle

3) quality (отличительные особенности) - nature; type

характер почвы — nature of the soil

характер местности — nature / characteristics of the locality; nature of the ground; character of the terrain

характер изменений — type of change

In English the noun character has the following meanings:

1) the combination of traits and qualities distinguishing the individual nature of a person or thing – характер, тип поведения

2) one such distinguishing quality; characteristic - характеристика

3) moral force; integrity – твердость, воля, честность, порядочность

4) a) reputation, esp. a good reputation

b) (as modifier) Ex: character assassination - злобная клевета, злостная клевета; подрыв репутации

5) a summary or account of a person's qualities and achievements; testimonial; written recommendation

Ex: My last employer gave me a good character

6) capacity (роль, должность, качество), position, or status

Ex: He spoke in the character of a friend rather than a father

7) a person represented in a play, film, story, etc.; role – герой, действующее лицо

Ex: fictitious character - вымышленный персонаж

leading / main / major / principal character - главный герой; актёр, играющий главную роль

8) an outstanding person -

Ex: one of the great characters of the century

9) (informal) an odd, eccentric, or unusual person - оригинал, чудак, тип

Ex: he's quite a character - Он такой оригинал!

10) an informal word for person

Ex: a shady character – темная личность

11) a symbol used in a writing system, such as a letter of the alphabet

Ex: the Japanese characters - японские письмена

Дата добавления: 2014-01-07