Langue Parole

Trends of TL, interdisciplinary links of TL

Lecture 1

TL Intro: subject and object of TL, stages of development,

Text linguistics (according to Olena Selivanova) is a branch of linguistics that studies semiotic, structural grammar, semantic contextual, communicative pragmatic organization of the text, the system of categories and the linguistic means of its representation. It also investigates the process of text creation (encoding) and the process of text comprehension(decoding) and ….

– Text is a semiotic unit (give e.g.)

– Text is a number of sentences (structural grammar)

– Text is a communicative act (communicative pragmatic organization)

The term “Text linguistics” was introduced by the Romanian scholar Cosseriu in the middle of 50^th.

Preconditions of the development of TL:

I. The theory of the level linguistic analysis. It was introduced by E.Benvinist.

1.? Text/Texteme?Discourse/Text

2. Sentences Utterance

3. Lexeme Word

4. Morpheme Allomorph

5. Phoneme Allophone

II. The need to go beyond the level of the sentence.

III. The separation of the Text theory (Clarify the difference between TL and Text Theory)

Stages of Development of TL:

1. Structural grammar stage deals with the means and types of the connected text and principles of its usage. /Dresler, Harwerg, Paducheva, Berzon/
2. Text semantic stage at first reflects the linea structure of the text. In 1972 Teun van Dijk introduceded the notion of “semantic macrostructure” to give the semantic description of global content and global connectivity of the text.

In 1970s the term TL began to be applied to non-pure linguistic investigations….

Trends of TL:

1. The text in this case is understood as a broad context-consequent communicative environment- existing, implied or creating by the author wising to influence the recipient. These utterances are correlated with a field of generalized presuppositions…..

2. The 2^nd trend is concerned with revealing deep senses contained in one closed text……

Objects of TL are Text, Discourse, Communication and Speech. Define every object.

TEXT

Yartseva suggests 2 approaches, which are oriented on the text:

1. communicative, physiological or linguistic characteristic of the text as a speech situation;
2. appeals to the cognitive senses of the text, processes of implication and approaches of interpretation using Hermeneutics methodology.

Hermeneutics – is the science that explain the senses of the text from the point of view of religion, philosophy and history.

The marginal approach towards text investigation is reflected in the notion text.

O.Selivanova defines text as a complete semiotic form of lingo- psycho- cognitive activity of the addressee which is conceptually and structurally integrated and dialogically interjected to the semiotic universum of the culture.

Reasons of the absence of one general definition of the text:

1. Formal-structural difference of texts (length: one word texts vs many sentence text, representation: oral vs written).
2. Functional-genre and stylistic versatility of texts and a specific way of its representation. Each text manifests certain speech genre (sp.genre vs functional style). Literary fiction is the highest form of text representation.

Text (according to I.Halperin) is a product of speech making process possessing completion realized in the form of a written document literary elaborated according to its type, composition, consisting of its title (headline) and a number of its special units (supra-phrasal unities), united with different type of lexical, grammatical, logical and stylistic connections.

1. There are specific approaches towards the text investigation and Z.Turaeva distinguishes 5: Ontological – reflect the status of the text, hnoseologic – reveal the character of the reality representation, linguistic itself – based on linguistic form, psychological – facing the text perception, pragmatic – facing the relation of the author towards reality.
2. Orientation of the text definition to one or several TCs.

Textual category – is characteristic feature of the text.

De Beaugrande and W. Dressler (1981) define text as communicative occurrence which meets 7 standards of textuality, namely:

1. Cohesion (зв’язність) text-

2. Coherence (цілісність) oriented

3. Intentionality

4. Acceptability (спрямованість на адресата) user-

5. Informativity center

6. Situationality

7. Intertextuality (міжтекстові зв’язки)

The term texteme was introduced to make destinations between the text as a actualized linguistic unit. It means the invariant unit of textual level of the language. Its correlation with speech genre in speech turns the actualized text into communicative means.

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