Basic approaches to translation and interpretation

Basic Approaches to Translation and Interpretation.

Model. Perspectives on Translation.

LECTURE 1

Text Processing (Skills).

LECTURE 18

Memory. Text Processing (Knowledge).

LECTURE 17

Standards of Textuality.

LECTURE 16

Text and Discourse. Types of Context and Contextual Relationships.

LECTURE 15

Sentence-meaning.

LECTURE 14

The Thesaurus.

LECTURE 13

Meaning. Word-meaning.

LECTURE 12

The Language of Translation

LECTURE 11

The Language of Translation

LECTURE 10

Types of Translation

LECTURE 9

The process of translation.

LECTURE 8

LECTURE 7

Human Translation Theories

LECTURE 6

Human Translation Theories

LECTURE 5

Main points:

1. The unit and elements of translation.

2. Transformational approach.

3. Denotative approach.

Main points:

1. Communicative approach. The notion of thesaurus.

2. Distributional approach.

Translating: Modeling the process.

Main points:

1. The translator: knowledge and skills.

2. Ideal bilingual competence.

3. Expertise.

4. Communicative competence.

Main points:

1. Stages of the process of translation.

2. Editing the source text.

3. Interpretation of the source text.

4. Interpretation in a new language.

5. Formulating the translated text.

6. Editing the translated text.

Main points:

1. Pre-dictionary translation.

2. Formulation translation.

3. Instantaneous translation.

4. Specific skills required for interpreting “by ear” (at viva voce).

Main points:

1. The level of lexis.

2. Sentence level.

Main points:

1. Discourse level.

2. The level of variety.

3. Elaboration on vocabulary exchange as a method of studying the language of translation.

Main points:

1. Reference theory.

2. Componential analysis.

3. Meaning postulates.

Main points:

1. Lexical and semantic fields.

2. Denotation and connotation.

Main points:

1. Relations of words and sentences to one another.

2. Utterance, sentence and propositions.

Main points:

1. Text, context and discourse.

2. Levels of contextual abstraction.

3. Types of contexts.

4. Contextual relationships.

Main points:

1. Cohesion and coherence.

2. Intentionality and acceptibility.

3. Informativity, relevance and intertextuality.

Main points:

1. Formal typologies.

2. Functional typologies.

3. Text processing (knowledge): syntactic, semantic, pragmatic.

Main points:

Interconnections between text production and text reception.

2. Problem-solving and text-processing.

3. Synthesis: writing. Strategies and tactics.

4. Analysis: reading.

Main points:

1. Basic approaches to translation and interpretation.

2. Translation as intercultural communication and as a human activity.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

There exist many rather controversial definitions of translation and interpretation suggested by the representatives of different schools of linguistics and translation. These definitions range from formal, structural approaches to translation, e. g. “translation is substitution of elements or structures of one language by the elements or structures of another language” (A. Oettinger, N. Chomsky, O. Kade, V. Rozentsveig), to semantic and functional treatment of translation, e. g. “translation is rendering in the target language (TL) of the closest equivalent of the initial message from the point of view of its meaning and style” (E. Nida, C. Taber, see also a survey of different approaches to translation in Швейцер 1988: 42-75).

All these approaches contributed to a contemporary understanding of translation as interlingual and intercultural communication recognized by many Ukrainian (I. Korynets, S. Maksymov, G. Miram, A. Panasyev,O. Semenets), Russian (Barkhudarov, G. Chernov, A. Komissarov, R. Minyar-Beloruchev, A. Shveitser) and western (M. A. K. Halliday, M. Hoey) writers on the subject.

According to this understanding translation is a process of transforming speech messages in the source language (SL) into the speech messages in the target language (TL) under condition that their sense and communicative intention remain unchanged (see Чернов 1987: 6). It is quite natural that in the process of translation the form of the message can be transformed due to the structural (lexical, morphological and syntactical) differences between languages. Such transformations which are inevitable in the translation are also called “code shifting” (i. e. substitution of the SL structures by the TL structures).

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11