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Formation and structure of
Muscular-Skeletal System The Human Body Nouns: orbit part of body = body part eye portion eyeball division eyesight = vision subdivision cheek system of organs nose head nasal cavity skull = cranium smell cranial cavity mouth brain mouth / oral cavity face lip facial part gum forehead tooth (pl. teeth) eyebrow tongue taste taste speech skin soft palate hair hard palate fat chin tissue ear cell hearing cell body neck membrane trunk nucleus chest = thorax human being = man thoracic cavity man = male esophagus = gull woman = female heart adult (person) lung middle-aged person diaphragm old-aged person abdomen young people abdominal cavity teen-ager stomach child = infant liver baby gallbladder neonate pancreas spleen intestines = bowels small intestine large intestine kidneys urinary bladder genitals extremity = limb Adjectives: shoulder girdle human shoulder (joint) skeletal upper extremity = arm muscular upper arm cardio-vascular elbow gastro-intestinal = digestive forearm alimentary wrist respiratory hand urinary palm reproductive = genital finger nervous thumb endocrine nail blood and lymphatic lower extremity = leg thigh knee leg calf (pl. calves) ankle foot (pl. feet) toe heel Speech Models 1. The human body is composed of the head, the trunk and the upper and lower extremities. 2. The upper extremity is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle. 3. The lower extremity is formed by the thigh, leg and foot. 4. What organs are there within the abdominal cavity? 5. Тhе lungs are located in the chest. 6. What organ does the cranial cavity of the skull contain? 7. What are the parts of the face? 8. The tongue is the organ of smell, isn't it? 9. No, the tongue is the organ of taste. 10. What is the body covered with? 11. What are the systems of the human body? 12. Where is the heart located? 13. What parts is the head composed of? bones Processes and depressions in bones: osseous/bony tissue fissure osteocyte/bone cell bone head cartilage tissue tubercle osteoblast trochanter osteoclast tuberosity calcium condyle phosphorus fossa long bone foramen short bone sulcus flat bone sinus diaphysis epiphysis epiphyseal line / plate haversian canal Cranial bones: periosteum frontal bone articular cartilage parietal bone compact / cortical bone temporal bone red bone marrow mastoid process yellow bone marrow occipital bone medullary cavity foramen magnum cancellous bone sphenoid bone ethmoid bone Facial bones: nasal bone lacrimal bone Bones of the leg and foot: maxillary bone femur mandibular bone patella zygomatic bone tibia/shin bone vomer fibula tarsals Vertebral column: metatarsals cervical vertebrae phalanges of the toes thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae Pathological conditions of bones: sacrum osteodystrophy coccyx osteitis fibrosa cystica vertebral body rickets, osteomalacia cartilagenous disk osteomyelitis, sequestrum vertebral arch osteogenic sacroma spinous process ewing’s tumor transverse process multiple myeloma laminae neural canal Pathological conditions of muscles: Bones of the thorax: myastenia gravis clavicle muscular dystrophy scapula pseudohypetrophy acromion sternum/breastbone Joints: xiphoid process synarthrosis rib, true rib amphiarthrosis false rib diarthrosis floating rib joint capsule ligaments Bones of the arm and hand: articular cartilage humerus synovial membrane ulna synovial cavity radius synovial fluid carpal bursae metacarpal tendons phalanges of the fingers and thumb
Bones of the Pelvis: Pathological conditions of joints: pelvic girdle rheumatoid arthritis: ischium ankylosis ilium gouty arthritis pubis protrusion of an intervertebral disk
Muscles: striated/voluntary/skeletal muscle
smooth/involuntary/visceral muscle cardiac muscle origin
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