Environmental engineering

Unit 11

GRAMMAR: Absolute Participial Construction.

1. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to Absolute Participial Construction.

1. The salt separates from freezing water, the ice being quite pure.

2. Water is never absolutely pure in nature, the amount of impurities depending on the locality.

3. The experiments with water containing substances being very interesting, we worked readily.

4. The range of water application being very wide, the scientists are interested in them.

5. The experiment being very difficult, he has to spend much time in the laboratory.

6. Rain water being examined with a magnifying glass, they saw many impurities.

7. A gas can be dissolved in liquid, the latter changing its boiling point.

8. All the properties of the element having been described, it was easier to use it.

9. A gas can be dissolved in a liquid, the liquid changing its boiling point.

10. Simple substances consist of atoms, each substance having its own special atom.

2. Put the words in the correct order to form sentences with Absolute Participial Construction.

1. having a long carried experiments of been series out, they what determined would modifications be necessary equipment.

2. combines oxygen most with elements, being the product an oxide formed called.

3. gas the colourless being, did we formation not its notice.

Text A

Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.

Environmental engineering involves water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Environmental engineers also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems as well as being concerned with local and worldwide environmental issues such as the effects of acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from automobile exhausts and industrial sources.

At many universities, Environmental Engineering programs follow either the Department of Civil Engineering or The Department of Chemical Engineering at Engineering faculties. Environmental "civil" engineers focus on hydrology, water resources management and water treatment plant design. Environmental "chemical" engineers, on the other hand, focus on environmental chemistry, advanced air and water treatment technologies and separation processes.

Ever since people first recognized that their health and well-being were related to the quality of their environment, they have applied thoughtful principles to attempt to improve the quality of their environment. The ancient civilization utilized early sewers in some cities. The Romans constructed aqueducts to prevent drought and to create a clean, healthful water supply for the metropolis of Rome. In the 15th century, Bavaria created laws restricting the development and degradation of alpine country that constituted the region's water supply.

Modern environmental engineering began in London in the mid-19th century when Joseph Bazalgette designed the first major sewerage system that reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases such as cholera. The introduction of drinking water treatment and sewage treatment in industrialized countries reduced waterborne diseases from leading causes of death to rarities.

Briefly speaking, the main task of environmental engineering is to protect public health by protecting (from further degradation), preserving (the present condition of), and enhancing the environment.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of science is environmental engineering?

2. What do environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies for?

3. What do environmental engineers design?

4. What do environmental "chemical" engineers focus on?

5. When and where did modern environmental engineering begin?

6. What is the main task of environmental engineering nowadays?

4. Complete the following sentences using some active words and word combinations (see below):

1. Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the ….

2. Environmental engineering includes studies on ….

3. Environmental engineers design … systems.

4. Environmental engineers are concerned with local and worldwide….

5. People recognize that their health and well-being are related to the… of their environment.

6. The main task of environmental engineering is to protect public health by protecting….

environmental issues, quality, the environment, industrial wastewater treatment, environment control, water and air pollution

5. Retell the text using the scheme (see Un.1).

Text B

1. Match the English words and word combinations in A with their Russian equivalents in B.

converting raw materials широкомасштабное производство

pioneering new techniques упрощать

large-scale manufacture процессы теплопереноса

to design processes открывать новые методы

to simplify добавки

heat transfer operations переработка сырья

additives разрабатывать процессы

2. Read the text trying to understand its main idea.

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