Обзорные упражнения

При выполнении этих упражнений следует иметь в виду, что существует достаточно много случаев, так сказать, «немотивированного» употребления артиклей или их отсутствия. Ниже приводится список некоторых устойчивых выражений, которые употребляются с

~ неопределенным артиклем:

· (выражения, обозначающие количество): a lot of, a great deal of, a good deal of, a great number of, a good many, a great many; a few, a little;

· (выражения с предлогами): all of a sudden at a time when; at a time; for a short /long time; in a loud voice; on a large/ small/ semi-industrial scale, as a result of; as a matter of fact;

· (глагольные словослчетания): to be a success / in a hurry; it is a pity /shame; it is a pleasure, to have a mind / a cold / a good time / a look / a headache; to take a seat; to go for a walk; to make a living, to put an end to, to come to an end и др.

~ определенным артиклем: in the morning (evening, afternoon), the day before yesterday the other day, at the beginning at the end, in the country, in the distance on the one (other) hand, on the whole, to play the piano (the violin), to tell the truth, to run the risk, to listen to the radio но: to watch TV; it is out of the question и др.

~ без артикля: at home, at hand, at work, at night, at first sight, from time to time, from head to foot, from morning till evening by tram (train, bus, air, land), on foot, by heart, by chance, by means of, by mistake, by name, in/on time, on sale, on credit, to keep house, to make use of, to take notice on и др.

Упр.1.1.8.a. Поставьте артикли a, an или the, где необходимо.

I. a. I don’t usually like staying at ____ hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at ___ very nice hotel by___ sea.

b. ___ tennis is my favourite sport. I play once or twice ___ week if I can, but I’m not ___ very good player.

c. I won’t be home for ___ dinner this evening. I’m meeting some friends after ___ work and we’re going to ___ cinema.

d. ____ unemployment is very high at the moment and it’s very difficult for ___ people to find ___ work.

e. There was ___ accident as I was going ____ home last night. Two people were taken to ____ hospital. I think ___ most accidents are caused by ____ people driving too fast.

f. Carol is ___ economist. She used to work in ____ investment department of ____ Lloyds Bank. Now she works for ___ American bank in ___ United States.

g. “What’s ___name of ___ hotel where you’re staying?”

. “____ Imperial. It’s in ___ Queen Street in ___ city centre. It’s near ___ station.

h. I have two brothers. ___ older one is training to be ___ pilot with ____ British Airways. ____ younger one is still at ___ school. When he leaves ____ school, he hopes to go to ____ university to study ____ law.

II. a. Excuse me. Is there ____ post office near here?

b. A We haven’t got any money.

B It’s all right. I’m going to ____ bank.

c. My wife and I went out for ____ meal last night. ____ food was excellent. I don’t usually like ____ Chinese food, but ____ duck was superb.

d. Has ____ postman been yet? I’m expecting ____ parcel.

e. We’ve moved to ____ lovely house in ____ country. It’s got ____ views of fields and hills, and there’s ____ garden at ____ back.

f. ____ government without ____ strong leader will not produce ____ good policies.

g. ____ government has introduced ____ law to ban ___ sale of ___ air guns to ____ people under ____ age of eighteen.

III. a. In my job, I do____ business with people from all over the world.

b. I’m going to do ____ shopping. Do you want anything?

c. I was late for ____ work this morning.

d. Can you keep ____ secret? I’m getting married.

e. He got ____ sack because he was caught stealing money.

f. It isn’t easy, but I think we’re making ____ progress.

g. I lost ____ control of the car and crashed into a wall.

h. Make ____ love, not ____ war.

i. If you make ____ promise, you must keep it.

j. When buying a house, you should take into ____ consideration how near it is to public transport.

k. He set ____ fire to his factory so that he could claim the insurance.

l. You must make ____ effort to get to know your neighbours.

m. I’ve been to all the countries of Europe with ____ exception of Albania.

n. If you’re in Paris, take ____ opportunity to visit the Louvre.

**IV. a. ____ temperature varies with ____ pressure.

b. ____ scientists believe to have discovered ____ new compound.

c. ____ holes were spaced at ____ 10 foot intervals.

d. ____ reaction is similar to that observed by us.

e. In 1812 Berzelius advanced ____ theory of ____ chemical combination.

f. No sooner had ____ reaction stopped ____ precipitate turned black.

g. Such ___ stage is known as ____ “theoretical” stage or plate.

h. ____ compound II can be hydrolyzed to yield ___ free amine.

i. When being pure, ___ water is ___ colourless liquid.

j. ___ benzene is ____ stronger acid than ____ ethane.

Упр.1.1.8.b. Поставьте артикли a, an, the, или местоимение some, где необходимо.

a. ___ book on that shelf is ____ interesting one about ___ history.

b. It is pleasant to play ____ game of ____ tennis on ____ summer afternoon.

c. ___ butcher opposite ____ library always sells ___ good meat.

d. ____ honesty is ____ best of all ____ virtues.

e. Peter travelled in ____ third-class carriage with ____ Americans.

f. When ___ Titanic was crossing ___ Atlantic she struck an iceberg which tore a huge hole in her bow. ___ captain ordered ___ crew to help ___ passengers into ___ boats.

g. Everywhere ___ man has cut down ___ forests in order to cultivate ___ ground, or to use ___ wood as ___ fuel or as ___ building material.

h. But ____ interference with ___ nature often brings ____ disaster: ___ tree-felling sometimes turns ___ fertile land into a dustbowl.

i. ___ people think that ___ lead is ___ heaviest metal, but ___ gold is heavier.

j. You can fool some of ___ people all ___ time, and all ___ people some of ___ time; but you cannot fool all ___ people all ___ time.

k. We have a very good train service from here to ___ city centre and most people go to ___ work by train. You can go by ___ bus too, of course, but you can’t get a season ticket on ___ bus.

l. “I’d like to see ___ Mr Smith please.” “Do you mean ___ Mr Smith who works in ___ box office or ___ other Mr Smith?”

Упр.1.1.8.c. Поставьте a, an или one, где необходимо.

a. ___ of my friends advised me to take ___ taxi; another said that there was quite ___ good bus service.

b. “___ friend of mine lent me ___ book by Meredith. I’ve only ___ more chapter to read. Would you like ___ loan of it afterwards?”

“No, thanks. I read ___ of his books ___ few years ago and didn’t like it. Besides I have ___ library book to finish. If I don’t take it back tomorrow I’ll have to pay ___ fine.

c. Most people like ___ rest after ___ hard day’s work, but Tom seems to have ___ inexhaustible supply of energy.

d. I’ve told you ___ hundred times not to come into ___ room with ___ hat on.

e. You’ve been ___ great help to me; ___ day I will repay you.

f. My car broke down near ___ bus stop. There was ___ man waiting for ___ bus so I asked him for ___ advice.

g. He took ___ quick look at my car and said, “Buy ___ new ___.”

h. Most of the staff had been there for only ___ very short time, but ___ man had been there ___ year and ___ half, so he knew ___ little more than the rest.

i. ___ day a new director arrived. He was ___ ambitious, bad-tempered man, and the staff took ___ instant dislike to him.

*Упр.1.1.8.d. Исправьте ошибки, связанные с артиклями. Помните, что перед названиями частей тела употребляется соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

a. Jane, has anyone ever told you that you’ve got some lovely fingers?

b. I’m very interested in the history, especially the history of Western Europe.

c. What a lovely weather we’re having! It’s such a nice day!

d. We’re trying to sell our house. People came to see it on Saturday, and they were quite interested, but some people who saw it on Sunday morning were very rude and said they didn’t like it at all.

e. Did you remember to buy a bread while you were out at some shops?

f. Crossing the English Channel can be quite unpleasant in the bad weather.

g. People who live on the floor above ours work in a government ministry.

h. What’s the government going to do about the unemployment?

*Упр.1.1.8.e. В этом упражнении в 10 предложениях артикль the употреблен правильно, а в 10 – неправильно. Найдите неправильные предложения и исправьте их.

a. He lived in United States for ten years.

b. John has cut the leg and needs the stitches.

c. The camera I bought yesterday doesn’t work.

d. William Wordsworth is famous for his poems about nature.

e. It was first time I had crossed equator.

f. This is only one left but you can have it.

g. Frank does a lot of work for the disabled.

h. I will be visiting the Netherlands next month.

i. Society doesn’t care enough for old people.

j. This is the same film I saw last week.

k. The worst thing was not knowing exactly what had happened.

l. Harder we work, more money we make.

m. Smiths are coming round to dinner tonight.

n.The aeroplane is one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century.

o. It’s very disappointing news but that’s the life.

p. Eating the chocolate always gives me pimples on my face.

q. What is on radio this afternoon?

r. John plays the football very well.

s. The furniture was sold at auction.

t. He was sent to prison for life.

*Упр.1.1.8.f. В текстах поставьте артикли, где необходимо.

You can't teach managers

___(1) Harvard Business School is ___(2) ark of the tabernacle in ___(3) management education. ___(4) many schools more or less ape the HBS, especially its “case study” method of ___(5) instruction - though mulling over ___(6) out -of-date business anecdotes is about as helpful in ___(7) actual management as waging war by tramping over ___(8) old battlefields. ____(9) specific management element in these mind-bending studies is hard to isolate. Although ___(10) managers should be numerate (and many are not), they don’t require ___(11) skills in ___(12) higher algebra; and ___(13) many great businesses have been created by ___(14) men who all but count on their ___(15) fingers. ___(16) story tells of ___(17) two schoolboy friends, one brilliant at ___(18) maths, one innumerate to the point of idiocy, who meet much later when ___(19) first is ___(20) professor and ___(21) second ___(22) multi-millionaire. Unable to control his ___(23) curiosity, ___(24) professor asks ___(25) figure-blind dunderhead how he managed to amass his fortune. “It’s simple”, replies ___(26) Midas. “I buy ___(27) things at $1 and sell them for $2, and from that 1% difference make ___(28) living.”

Garbage

For most of ___(1) past two and ___(2) half million years ___(3) human beings left their garbage where it fell. Oh, they sometimes tidied up their sleeping and activity areas, but that was about all. This disposal scheme functioned adequately, because ___(4) hunters and ___(5) gatherers frequently abandoned their campgrounds to follow ___(6) game or find new stands of plants. ___(7) man faced his first garbage crisis when he become ___(8) sedentary animal - when, rather than move himself, he chose to move his garbage.

Tax

___(1) West Germany funds ___(2) large share of its social welfare outlays, as it did in Bismarck’s time, through ___(3) regressive payroll taxes. Like ___(4) Sweden, it uses ___(5) tax incentives to lower certain burdens on ___(6) wealthy. ___(7) capital gains on ___(8) stocks and bonds, subject to ___(9) tax of up to 33 percent in ___(10) United States, are exempt in ___(11) West Germany - as well as ___(12) Netherlands, ___(13) Belgium, and ___(14) Japan. (But ___(15) United States, virtually alone among ___(16) Western nations, leaves gains from ___(17) sale of one’s home, in most cases, untouched.) In ___(18) France, one of ___(19) most heavily taxed nations in ___(20) Europe, ___(21) successive governments after ___(22) World War II clung to ___(23) tradition of ___(24) indirect taxation. ___(25) France adopted ___(26) value added tax (VAT), ___(27) consumption tax on goods and services, in 1954.

Sources of funds for businesses

There are ___(1) several sources of ___ (2) funds. One source is ____ (3) commercial bank such as ___ (4) Citibank, Chase, Chemical and ___ (5) others. Any money you get from such ___ (6) source would be borrowed and only on ___ (7) short-term basis ___ (8) bank would become ___ (9) creditor of yours, not ___ (10) owner. Another possibility is ___ (11) venture capital firm, whose sole purpose is to invest in ___ (12) young, promising companies. To secure ___ (13) funds from such ___(14) firm, you would have to prepare ___ (15) convincing business plan for ___ (16) expected operation, showing ___ (17) return you expect on ___ (18) investment and how you intend to make it. Among ___ (19) other requirements, ___ (20) venture capital firm will expect you to incorporate. What does ___ (21) venture capitalist get out of ___ (22) investing in your company? ___ (23) sizable percentage of ____ (24) ownership.

___(25) third source of ___(26) funds is ___(27) investment banker, who can help you raise ___(28) money through ___(29) sale of ____(30) securities, only if ___(31) company is incorporated.

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