USE 4 Duration from the past until now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

USE 3 Multiple actions at different times

USE 2. Personal experience, achievements, changes over time,

BUT details about definite time will be in the Past Simple

· He resigned because she lost a vote of no confidence. She has a baby boy this morning.

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

• I have been to France.
  This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.
  You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.
  This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.

We use the Present Perfect after the constructions It’s the first/second/third, etc time I/he/she ….

• It’s the first time I’ vedriven a car.
• It’s the fifth time she has failed her exam.

We use the Present Perfect after the constructions in the superlative degree:

• It’s the most boring film I have ever seen.
• She is the most charming person I’ ve ever met.

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

With Statal uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. " For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:

• I have had a cold for two weeks.
• She has been in England for six months.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

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