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USE 2 Duration before something in the past (Non-Continuous Verbs)
With Statal Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples:
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.
We use the Past Perfect with conjunctions: hardy (scarcely)… when, no sooner… than. · Hardly had she entered the room, when the phone rang. · Hardly had she dreamt, when the wish came true. Note: Specific times with the Past Perfect Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example:
If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when " before " or " after " is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples:
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