Task 17. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Task 16. Fill in the prepositions if necessary

Task 16. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.

1. Free associations enable the person to become aware … conflicts that in some cases date … … early childhood. 2. Is your psychologist able to do anything … this problem? 3. Behaviourists try to substitute the learned response of ‘fear’ … the response of ‘relaxation’. 4. Cognitive-behavioural therapies aim … identifying and changing negative or maladaptive beliefs. 5. Relaxation techniques may help to cope … anxiety symptoms such as panic attack. 6. This approach enabled the therapist to deal … the immediate problems of the panic attacks and to probe more deeply … the reasons … these attacks. 7. The rationale … this type of therapy lies … the belief that individual problems are often exacerbated by relationship difficulties … the family. 8. A mental illness arises … … ‘frustration’ as a result of circumstances ‘blocking’ the individual’s progress … fulfilling their potential. 9. Group therapy resulted... the resolution of psychological difficulties for him. 10. In family therapy each family member becomes aware … how the individual relates … the others and how this interaction contributes.. the family’s problems.

Key: 1. of, back to; 2. about; 3. for; 4. at; 5. with; 6. with, into, behind; 7. behind, in, within; 8. out of, towards; 9. in; 10. of, to, to.

1. Основные методики психоанализа включают анализ сновидений, свободных ассоциаций и лечение гипнозом. 2. Какие методики помогают индивиду осознать наличие внутреннего конфликта? 3. Бихевиористы полагают, что человек, страдающий фобией, ассоциирует объект, вызывающий страх, с негативными последствиями. 4. Бихевиористы рассматривают человеческое поведение как ряд условных/ приобретенных рефлексов на внешние раздражители. 5. Бихевиористские методики недостаточно учитывают индивидуальные процессы мышления и рассуждения. 6. Эклектический подход включает сочетание методик всех основных психологических подходов к лечению. 7. Гуманистическое направление в консультативной работе основано на подходе, согласно которому для индивидов характерна естественная тенденция к самореализации. 8. Роль терапевта состоит в том, чтобы помочь человеку проанализировать/исследовать свои собственные мысли и эмоции. 9. Это лечение позволит ей найти лучшее решение этой проблемы. 10. Самораскрытие и самоанализ позволили ему решить психологические трудности.

Key. 1. The main psychoanalysis techniques include dream analysis, free association and hypnotherapy. 2. Which techniques help an individual to become aware of their internal conflict? 3. Behaviourists believe that the phobic person associates the feared object with negative consequences. 4. Behaviourists regard human behaviour as a series of learned responses to external stimuli. 5. Behavioural techniques pay little attention to the individual’s thinking or reasoning processes. 6. An eclectic approach involves combining techniques from each of the main psychological approaches to therapy. 7. Humanistic counselling is based on the approach according to which individuals possess a natural tendency towards self-fulfillment. 8. The therapist’s role is to help the individual to explore his or her own thoughts and emotions. 9. This therapy will enable her to arrive at the best solution to this problem. 10. Self-disclosure and self-examination enabled him to resolve his psychological difficulties.

Task 18. Use the chart to below to describe commonly used psychotherapies according to the pattern:

… is a method whose main goal is …. It uses the techniques of …. The major means of achieving its goals is ….

Therapy Method	Main Technique(s)	Main Goal	Means of Achieving Goal
Psychoanalysis	Free association, dream analysis, transference	Reduce anxiety and guilt from unconscious urges	Verbal processes
Humanistic Therapy	Active listening, acceptance, support	Fulfill one’s potential and improve self-concept	Verbal processes
Cognitive Therapy	Talking, listening, role-playing, and completion of assignments	Unite behaviours and thought	Revising thoughts
Behavior Therapy	Counterconditioning, operant conditioning, systemic desensitization	Change one’s unwanted or abnormal behaviours and acquire desirable behaviours	Behavioural training

Дата добавления: 2014-11-08