Structure of teeth

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Read and learn the following words:

1. crown коронка

2. neck шейка

3. root корень

4. visible видимый

5. hidden спрятанный

6. junction место соединения

7. to be called называться

8. cover покрывать

9. hard твердый

10. sensitive чувствительный

11. unlike в отличие от

12. purely чисто

13. insert вставлять

14. alveolar альвеолярный

15. gum десна

Every tooth consists of a crown, a neck and one or more roots. The crown is the part visible in the mouth and the root is the part hidden inside the jaw. The junction of crown and root is called the neck and end of the root is called the apex. Every tooth is composed of enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp.

Enamel is the outer covering of the crown and is the hardest substance in the body.

Cementum is the outer covering of the root and is similar in structure to bone. Cementum meets enamel at the neck of the tooth.

Dentine occupies the interior of the crown and root, and is very sensitive to pain.

Pulp. Unlike enamel, dentine and cementum, the pulp is purely soft tissue. It contains blood vessels and nerves, and occupies the centre of the dentine.

Supporting Structures. Every tooth is insert into the jaw by its root. The part of the jaw containing the teeth is known as the alveolar process and is covered with a soft tissue called gum. The jaw bones consist of a dense outer layer known as compact bone and a softer interior called spongy bone.

A tooth is attached to its socket in the jaw by a soft fibrous tissue called the periodontal membrane.

NOTES

1. Alveolar process – альвеолярный отросток

2. Compact bone – компактное вещество

3. Spongy bone – губчатое вещество

EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1 Найдите в тексте эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний:

1. Состоять из

2. Быть скрытым

3. Называться

4. Быть нечувствительным к боли

5. Содержит кровеносные сосуды и нервные окончания

6. Быть покрытым чем – либо

7. Наружный слой

8. Мягкая фиброзная ткань

EXERCISE 2 Процитируйте предложения со следующими словами и словосочетаниями:

1. Visible

2. The function

3. To be composed of

4. The hardest substance in the body

5. Very sensitive to pain

6. Soft tissue

7. Alveolar process

8. To be attached

EXERCISE 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What does a tooth consist of?

2. How is the junction of crown and root called?

3. What is every tooth composed of?

4. What do you know about enamel?

5. Where does cementum meet enamel?

6. What is cementum?

7. Is dentine sensitive to pain?

8. What does pulp contain?

9. What supporting structures can you name?

EXERCISE 4 Вставьте артикли, где это необходимо:

1. … tooth consists of a crown and one or more roots. … crown is …visible part, … root is … hidden part.

2. … tooth is composed of enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp.

3. Enamel is … hardest substance in the body.

4. Cementum is … outer covering of …root.

5. Dentine occupies … interior of the crown and root.

6. … vessels and … nerves of the pulp enter … root apex through the apical foramen.

7. … space occupied by the pulp is called … pulp chamber.

8. Every tooth is inserted into … jaw by its roots.

9. … part of the jaw containing the teeth is known as the alveolar process.

10. It is covered with … soft tissue called gum.

11. … tooth is attached to its socket in the jaw by … soft tissue called the periodontal membrane.

EXERCISE 5. Вставьте предлоги или наречия:

1. Every tooth consists…a crown and one or more roots.

2. It is insensitive … pain.

3. Any damage caused … decay or injury is permanent.

4. Cementum is similar … structure to bone.

5. Dentine occupies the interior … the crown and root.

6. Vessels and nerves of the pulp pass … the root canal … the crown dentine.

7. A tooth is inserted … the jaw … its root.

8. Any tooth is attached … its socket … the jaw … a soft fibrous tissue called the periodontal membrane.

EXERCISE 6. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам в ответах:

1. The root is the part hidden inside the jaw.

2. The microscope shows that it consists of long solid rods.

3. Cementum is similar in structure to bone.

4. Cementum meets enamel at the neck of the tooth.

5. Dentine is very sensitive to pain.

6. The pulp is purely soft tissue.

7. The alveolar process is covered with gum.

8. Periodontal membrane acts as a shock absorber.

EXERCISE 7. Переведите на английский следующие предложения:

1. Коронка, шейка и корни составляют зуб.

2. Место перехода коронки в корень называется шейкой.

3. Эмаль – самая твердая часть человеческого тела.

4. Цемент соединяется с эмалью у шейки зуба.

5. Дентин очень чувствителен к боли.

6. В отличие от других структур зуба, пульпа – это рыхлая ткань.

7. Зуб удерживается в десне корнем и периодонтом.

8. Альвеолярный отросток покрыт мягкой тканью, называемой десна.

9. Периодонтальная мембрана действует как амортизатор.

EXERCISE 8. Задайте 10 вопросов к тексту «Structure of teeth».

EXERCISE9. Приготовьте пересказ текста «Structure of teeth».

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Read and learn the following words:

1. pathology патология

2. change изменение

3. shallow неглубокий

4. breach нарушение

5. mucous слизистый

6. membrane мембрана, оболочка

7. ulcer язва

8. raw ссадина

9. bleeding кровоточащий

10. cyst киста

11. sac мешочек

12. localized локализованный

13. tumor опухоль

14. growth рост

15. destruction разрушение

16. adjacent прилегающий

17. spread распространяться

18. severe сильный, тяжелый (о болезни)

19. fatal фатальный

20. cancer рак

21. congenital врожденный

22. cleft palate волчья пасть

23. X – ray рентген

24. determine определять

25. confirmation подтверждение

26. removal удаление

27. minor малый

28. biopsy биопсия

29. specimen образец

30. swab мазок

31. smear мазок

Дата добавления: 2014-12-16