Building and architecture

Exercise 1

EDUCATION AFTER 16

About 65 per cent of pupils choose to continue in education after 16, initially at school, in a further education college or a sixth-form college. They study for examinations which are the main standard for entry to higher education or professional training. These include the General Certificate of Education Advanced (A) level examination taken at the age of 18 or 19 after two years’ study, the Advanced Supplementary (AS) examination and the new General National Vocational Qualification (GNVQ). The GNVQ is designed to provide a broadbased preparation for a range of occupations and higher education and has parity of esteem with A levels.

Exercise 13. Word control:

a full-time education; a part-time education; improve (v); a series of; comprehensive school; authorities (n); nursery school; introduce (v); curriculum (n); advance (v); expansion (n); encourage (v); skill (n); enroll (v); arrangement (n); fee (v, n); release (v); further (a); offer (v); voucher (n); vocational (a).

Exercise 14. Reading for pleasure. See appendix. 1)CRASH PLAN FOR PISA; 2) MORE RICHES FOR CROESUS.

Unit 2

a) Form the words with the prefix “dis”.

Appear; honest; agree; please; like.

b) Form the words with the suffix “less”.

Taste; hope; end; home; friend; need.

Exercise 2. Can you guess the translation of the words?

Architect; design; international; president; block; concept; helicopter; operate; panoramic; vertical; classical; institute; technology; project (n.); tourism; material; professional; career; train; museum; post-modernism; artistic; focuse; detail; enthusiasm; fact.

Words to be remembered:

contribute – способствовать

confusion – смущение, путаница (зд.)

stem – ствол, род, основа, стержень

scope – кругозор, размах, сфера

nevertheless – тем не менее, несмотря на

specify – точно определять

arise – возникать

reflect – отражать

shelter – укрытие, укрываться

techniques – технические средства, технологии

services – коммуникации

construction – строительство

structure – строение, конструкция

disposition – расположение, предрасположение

craft – искусство, ремесло

at least – по крайней мере

appear – казаться, появляться

Read and translate text 2A.

Text 2A:

Thirty years ago Post-Modernism became a mass phenomenon. We may regard architecture as a focal point of our everyday activities, but nevertheless, when asked to specify what architecture is we become confused immediately. Our confusion surely arises from our inability or unwillingness to reflect upon the nature and means of architecture.

We must distinguish between building and architecture. Building refers to the craft of constructing shelter. It refers to the material techniques of construction, services, structure and functional disposition. Building comprises the knowledge and experience that man accumulates when he deals with shelter. Architecture, on the other hand in the everyday use of the word refers to the art of building. Architecture is the product of an artistic intention, not like building of necessity. Nevertheless we feel that architecture is not only an addition, a mere supplement to building. We feel that building and architecture are interrelated experiences, one focusing on the experience of craft, the other on the experience of art.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:

1) When did Post-Modernism become a mass phenomenon?

2) Can we say what architecture is?

3) Why do we become confused?

4) Must we distinguish between building and architecture?

5) What does building refer to?

6) What does architecture refer to?

7) What does building comprise?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-17